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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the properties of life? |
order adaptation response to environment regulation energy processing growth and development reproduction
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Different levels of organization? |
Biosphere -> Ecosystem > Community > Population > Organism > Organ and Organ Systems > Tissues > Cells > Organelles > Molecules |
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Basic Unit of all living things |
Atom |
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Compare and Contrast Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes |
Prokaryotes: Cell wall, Single Celled, No membrane bound organelles, no nucleus
Eukaryotes: Nucleus, Membrane bound organelles, Multi cellular
BOTH: DNA, ribosomes, basic metabolism |
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Why is end-product feedback mechanism often used in biological systems? |
to maintain homeostasis |
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Deductive Reasoning |
logical reasoning from one or more statements, logical conclusions |
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Inductive Reasoning |
Premises seek strong evidence for a premise |
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7 Unifying Themes of Biology |
1. Cellular Structure and function 2. Reproduction 3. Metabolism 4. Homeostasis 5. Heredity 6. Evolution 7. Interdependence |
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4 Elements that make up 96% of living matter |
Oxygen Carbon Nitrogen Hydrogen |
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Why is carbon so important in the study of biology? |
It can bind with many other molecules (4 valence electrons) |
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Basic Components of Hydrocarbons |
Organic compound consisting of hydrogen and carbon Major component of petroleum (fossil fuel) Many cells have parts that are hydrocarbon
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Structural Isomers |
Molecules that have the same chemical formula, but are arranged completely differently |
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Monomer of Carbohydrates |
saccharides |
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Monomer of Proteins |
peptides
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Monomer of Lipids |
THERE ISN"T ONE LOL |
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Monomer of Nucleic Acids |
Adenine Uracil Cytosine Thymine Guanine |
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Example of Monosaccharide |
glucose |
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Example of Disaccharide |
lactose |
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Example of Polysaccharide |
starch |
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Major difference in bonding of starch and cellulose |
Starch has only Alpha glucose form Cellulose has 1-4 Beta glucose form Humans can't break down cellulose!!! |
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How can cows and termites break down cellulose? |
They have microbes in their stomach that can break down cellulose |
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Primary types of lipids? |
Fats, Saturated fatty acids, unsaturated, steroids, phospholipids |
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Basic structure of an amino acid? |
Multiple polypeptides |
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Primary Functions of Proteins |
Transport Enzymatic activity Signal transduction Cell-cell recognition Intercellular joining Attachment to the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix (ECM) |
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Major components of DNA and RNA? |
Replicates itself – DNA replication Directs RNA synthesis - transcription Directs protein synthesis - translation |
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What are the major advantages and disadvantages of light microscopes, scanning electron microscopes and transmission electron microscopes?
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Light Microscopes: light passes through specimen and then through lens. 1000x the size of the actual specimen Scanning Electron Microscope:Beam of electrons onto surface, 3 D images Transmission Electron Microscope:Beam through specimen, internal structure |
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Magnification |
how big the image is made |
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Resolution |
distance from one point to the next point on a microscope image how good the image is basically |
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What are the primary organelles found in a eukaryotic cell and what do they do?
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Nucleus: Where all the DNA is located Mitochondria: Make energy Ribosomes: Make Protein Golgi: Package proteins Lysosome: Digestive enzymes to break down food ER: Transport Vacuole: storage |
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Types of Passive Movement through Membranes
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Diffusion Osmosis Facilitated diffusion |
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What are chromosomes? |
each chromosome is a DNA molecule |
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What does each duplicated chromosome contain? |
One copy of each chromosome type |
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Parts of Mitosis |
Prophase Prometaphase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase |
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Amount of DNA in cells at each part of cell cycle |
G1 - same S - 2x G2 - same ? Mitosis: Cell splits - 1/2 |
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Divisions of Cell Cycle |
G1: Growth, cell grows, produces enzymes S: DNA is replicated G2: Enzymes for mitosis are produced Mitosis! |
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Karyotype |
the number and appearance of chromosomes in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell |
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Who is the father of genetics? |
Gregor Mendel!! |
