Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Asexual Reproduction
|
"the creation of new individuals whose genes come from one parent, without the fusion of egg & sperm"
|
|
Sexual Reproduction
|
"the creation of offspring by the fusion of haploid gametes to form a zygote, which is a diploid"
|
|
Asexual Reproduction Types- Fission
|
the splitting of a parent into two roughly equal sized offspring (common amoung invertebrates)
|
|
Asexual Reproduction Types- Budding
|
a new individual growing from and then splitting off from the parent; can remain attached or can detach (coral or hydra)
|
|
Asexual Reproduction Types- Gemmules
|
aggregates of several types of cells that are surrounded by a protective coating in sponges
|
|
Fragmentation and Regeneration
|
occurs when an adult is broken into pieces and these prieces grow into new adult organisms
|
|
Asexual Reproduction Advantages
|
-organisms are well adapted to an environment and maintain "best combination of traits for the currect situation"
-less of a chance to introduce detrimental traits into a gene pool -no time to find and compete for mates (saves time and energy and can reproduce in isolation) -produce large amount of offspring in short amount of time |
|
Asexual Reproduction Environments that it occurs in
|
best suited to a stable environment and the "best traits can be copied"
|
|
Sexual Reproduction Advantages/Environment
|
-adds more variety to the population as a whole, the population is better situated to survive and prosper in a rapidly changing environment
|
|
Red Queen Hypothesis
|
a species must contunually evolve to survive in a world full of other evolving species
|
|
Somatic Cell
|
any cell that is not a sex cell
|
|
sex cells
|
egg or sperm; contain 23 chromosomes (22 autosomal and 1 sex chromosome)
|
|
Sex Chromosomes for Humans
|
Males-XY Females-XX
|
|
Autosome
|
all chromosomes that are not X or Y
|
|
Self-Pollination
|
fertilizing oneself
|
|
Cross-pollination
|
pollen of one flower to stigma of another
|
|
dominant trait
|
the trait that remained/expressed trait
|
|
recessive trait
|
the trait that was not expressed in the F1 generation
|
|
Allele
|
each copy of a factor or gene
|
|
Diploid
|
all somatic cells are diploids meaning that they have a full set of 46 chromosomes (2n)
|
|
Haploid
|
all sex cells are haploid meaning that they have a half set of 23 chromosomes (1n)
|
|
Fertilization
|
the fusion of two gametes after sexual intercourse (sperm and ovum)
|
|
Name of Fertilized diploid egg
|
Zygote
|
|
Genetics
|
the study of heredity
|
|
heredity
|
the transmission of traits from one generation to another
|
|
gene
|
a discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleic sequence in DNA (or RNA in some viruses)
|
|
Locus
|
a gene's specific location on a chromosome
|
|
Homologous chromosomes
|
alike chromosomes carrying genes for the same heritable characteristics
|
|
Centromere
|
the joining point of two sister chromatids
|
|
telomere
|
protective structure at end of chromosome (protects DNA when copied)
|
|
sister chromatids
|
replicated forms of a chromosome jointed together by the centromere eventually separated by mitosis or meiosis 2
|
|
character
|
a feature that can be inherited by offspring from a parent
|
|
trait
|
a variation of a character
|
|
Mendel's Laws- Law of Segregation
|
Alleles for a trait are then "recombined" at fertilization
|
|
Mendel's Laws- Law of Dominance
|
in a cross of parents that are pure for contrasting traits, only one form will appear in the next generation
|
|
Mendel's Laws- Law of Independent Assortment
|
"Alleles for different traits are distributed to sex cells (& offspring) independently of one another" Traits can be independent from other traits
|
|
expressed traits
|
the phenotype, what is seen
|
|
Incomplete Dominance
|
A blending of characters. No dominant or recessive traits.
|
|
Hardy-Weinberg equation
|
p^2+2pq+q^2=1
|
|
Artificial Selection
|
Human modification of species
|
|
sister chromatids
|
replicated forms of a chromosome jointed together by the centromere eventually separated by mitosis or meiosis 2
|
|
character
|
a feature that can be inherited by offspring from a parent
|
|
trait
|
a variation of a character
|
|
Mendel's Laws- Law of Segregation
|
Alleles for a trait are then "recombined" at fertilization
|
|
Mendel's Laws- Law of Dominance
|
in a cross of parents that are pure for contrasting traits, only one form will appear in the next generation
|
|
Mendel's Laws- Law of Independent Assortment
|
"Alleles for different traits are distributed to sex cells (& offspring) independently of one another" Traits can be independent from other traits
|
|
expressed traits
|
the phenotype, what is seen
|
|
Incomplete Dominance
|
A blending of characters. No dominant or recessive traits.
|
|
Hardy-Weinberg equation
|
p^2+2pq+q^2=1
|
|
Artificial Selection
|
Human modification of species
|