Biology Semester 2 Final Exam Review

Front 1

In mitosis one parent cell makes how many daughter cells?

Back 1

2

Front 2

After mitosis, the two cells are _____________.

Back 2

Identical

Front 3

Mitosis is ______ steps.

Back 3

4

Front 4

During mitosis:
(a)_____________-chromosomes form, nuclear membrane disappears, spinde apparatus forms
(b)____________-chromosomes meet in the middle
(c)____________-sister chromatids split apart
(d)____________-nuclear membrane reforms, spindle fibers disappear, chromatin

Back 4

a=prophase
b=metaphase
c=anaphase
d=telophase

Front 5

Cytokinesis- cell is cut into ______.

Back 5

2

Front 6

In meiosis, one parent cells makes ______ daughter cells.

Back 6

4

Front 7

For meiosis, 1 diploid cell becomes 4 haploid cells (______ chromosomes each)

Back 7

half

Front 8

In meiosis there are ________ divisions. (meiosis 1 and meiosis 2)

Back 8

2

Front 9

When does the crossing over occur?

Back 9

Metaphase

Front 10

_________________ chromosomes: code for the same trait(s), one "X" from mom and one "X" from dad.

Back 10

Homologous

Front 11

DNA=_____________________________________.

Back 11

Deoxyribose nucleic acid

Front 12

Nucleotides are made up of what 3 things?

Back 12

Sugar, phosphate, and a base.

Front 13

What are chromosomes?

Back 13

Coiled up DNA that form before mitosis or meiosis.

Front 14

Making proteins=_____________ _______________.

Back 14

protein synthesis

Front 15

RNA= _________________________________.

Back 15

Ribose nucleic acid

Front 16

RNA has ___________ instead of Thymine.

Back 16

Uracil

Front 17

What are the 3 types of RNA?

Back 17

mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA

Front 18

During transcription messenger RNA is made; where does it travel to?

Back 18

The ribosomes

Front 19

Where does transcription occur?

Back 19

The nucleus

Front 20

During translation, the mRNA is read and decoded. tRNA's bring ___________ in with amino acids attached.

Back 20

anticodons

Front 21

Where does translation occur?

Back 21

In the ribosomes.

Front 22

What is a polypeptide chain?

Back 22

A long string of amino acids bound together by peptide bonds.

Front 23

When using a codon chart, what are you supposed to read?

Back 23

The mRNA.

Front 24

Who the australian monk that used pea plants and is considered the father of genetics?

Back 24

Gregor Mendel

Front 25

What is a zygote?

Back 25

When a sperm fertilizes an egg, the fertilized egg is called a zygote.

Front 26

A monohybrid cross is used to predict how many traits?

Back 26

1

Front 27

When making a punnett square for a monohybrid cross, how many squares does the punnet square have?

Back 27

4`

Front 28

What type of antibodies do type A blood cells have?

Back 28

Anti B antibodies

Front 29

What type of antibodies do type B blood cells have?

Back 29

Anti A antibodies

Front 30

Type AB blood has what antigens on its' surface?

Back 30

Both A and B antigens

Front 31

What blood type is known as the universal recipient and can receive any tipe of blood safely?

Back 31

Type AB blood.

Front 32

What antibodies do type O blood cells have?

Back 32

Anti A and anti B antibodies

Front 33

What blood type is known as the universal donor and can safely donate to any type of blood, but can only receive any other type of blood but itself.

Back 33

O blood

Front 34

Girls can be ________ of sex linked traits, boys cannot.

Back 34

carriers

Front 35

Sex-linked traits can be located on _____________ chromosomes.

Back 35

X or Y

Front 36

__________________ can pass on sex-linked traits to daughters OR sons.

Back 36

Mothers

Front 37

Fathers cannot pass x-linked traits to ____(who?)_______ .

Back 37

Their sons

Front 38

A dihybrid cross is a _______ trait prediction.

Back 38

2

Front 39

With a punnet square for a dihybrid cross, how many squares does the punnet square have?

Back 39

16

Front 40

A karyotype is a chart of _____________ arranged in pairs.

Back 40

chromosomes

Front 41

What genetic mutation causes Down's Syndrome?

Back 41

A trisomy in chromosomes pair 21.

Front 42

A normal human being will have ________ pairs of chromosomes and ______ total chromosomes.

Back 42

23 pairs, 46 total

Front 43

Who was the naturalist on the HMS Beagle?

Back 43

Charles Darwin

Front 44

Charles Darwin studied on what islands?

Back 44

The Galapagos Islands

Front 45

Charles Darwin studied what animals?

Back 45

Finches

Front 46

______________ evolve, not individuals.

Back 46

Populations

Front 47

Stabilizing selection favors what kind of individuals?

Back 47

Average individuals

Front 48

Directional selection favors _____________ __________________.

Back 48

1 extreme

Front 49

Disruptive selection favors ____________ __________________.

Back 49

Both extremes

Front 50

What is taxonomy?

Back 50

The science of naming organisms.

Front 51

Binomial nomenclature= _______ names.

Back 51

2

Front 52

Which is the correct ? ....
(a) kingdom, phylum, order, class, family, genus, species
(b) kingdom, phylum, family, class, order, species, genus
(c) kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
(d) kingdom, class, phylum, order, genus, species, family

Back 52

(c) kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Front 53

What are bacteria that live in extreme conditions?

Back 53

Archaebacteria

Front 54

What are bacteria living in common environments?

Back 54

Eubacteria

Front 55

The kingdom that includes eukaryotic single celled organisms.

Back 55

Protista

Front 56

Examples of organisms that belong to this kingdom include mushrooms, molds, fungus (no roots)

Back 56

Fungi

Front 57

Organisms in this kingdom include grass, flowers, bushes, trees, algae (roots)

Back 57

Plantae

Front 58

This kingdom includes mammals, reptiles, birds, amphibians, insects (1 million species and growing)

Back 58

Animalia

Front 59

Phylogeny is the evolutionary _____________ of species.

Back 59

history