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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Despite the diversity of cell type and function, all cells have these three things in common: a) cytoplasm, DNA, and organellese b) a plasma membrane, DNA, and proteins c) cytoplasm, DNA, and a plasma membrane d) carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and proteins |
c) cytoplasm, DNA, and plasma membrane Cells differ in size, shape, and function, but all start out life with a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and a region of DNA. Section 4.2
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Every cell is descended from another cell. This idea is part of __________. a) evolution b) the theory of heredity c) the cell theory d) cell biology |
c) the cell theory By the cell theory, all organisms consists of one or more cells; the cell is the smallest unit of life; each new cell arises from another, pre-existing cell; and a cell passed hereditary material to it's offspring. Section 4.2 |
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The surface-to-volume ratio _________. a) does not apply to prokaryotic cells b) constraints cell size c) is part of the cell theory d) b and c |
b) constraints cell size Section 4.2 |
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True or false? Ribosomes are only found in bacteria and archaea. |
False. Bacteria and archaea (prokaryotes) have ribosomes, and eukaryotic cells (animal and plant) have ribosomes in their endomembrane system. Section 4.4 and 4.7 |
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Unlike eukaryotic cells, bacterial cells __________. a) have no plasma membrane b) have RNA but not DNA c) have no nucleus d) a and c |
c) have no nucleus Bacteria and archaea, informally grouped as "prokaryotes," are the most diverse forms of life. These single-celled organisms have no nucleus, but they have nucleoids and ribosomes. Section 4.4. |
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True or false? Some protists start out life with no nucleus. |
False. Protists are eukaryotes; by definition, all eukaryotes start life with a nucleus. Section 4.5. |
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Cell membranes consist mainly of a _________. a) a carbohydrate bilayer and proteins b) protein bilayer and phospholipids c) lipid bilayer and proteins |
c) lipid bilayer and proteins All cell membranes, including the plasma membrane and organelle members, are selectively permeable and consist mainly of phospholipids organized as a lipid bilayer. Many different proteins embedded in a bilayer or attached to one of its surfaces carry out membrane functions. Section 4.2. |
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Enzymes contained in _________ break down worn-out organelles, bacteria, and other particles. a) lysosomes b) amlyoplasts c) endoplasmic reticulum d) peroxisomes |
a)lysosomes Lysosomes contain enzymes that break down cellular debris for recycling. Section 4.7 |
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Put the following structures in order according to the pathway of secreted protein: a) plasma membrane b) Golgi bodies c) endoplasmic reticulum d) post-Golgi vesicles |
c,b,d,a Section 4.7
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The main function of the endomembrane system is building and modifying __________ and __________. |
lipids and proteins Section 4.7 |
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Is this statement true or false? The plasma membrane is the outermost component of all cells. Explain. |
False. Animal cells have a plasma membrane but plant cells have a cell as their outermost component. Section 4.11 |
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Which of the following organelles contain no DNA? a) nucleus b) Golgi body c) mitochondrion d) chloroplast |
b) Golgi body A nucleus protects and controls access to a eukaryotic cell's DNA. Mitochondrion have their own DNA, which is similar to bacterial DNA. Each chloroplast has two outer membranes enclosing a semifluid interior, the stroma, that contains enzymes and the chloroplast's own DNA. The Golgi body modifies peptides and lipids before sorting them into vesicles. Section 4.6, 4.7 and 4.9. |
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Cytoskeletal elements called __________ form a reinforcing mesh under the nuclear envelope. a) intermediate filaments b) microtubules c) actin filaments d) microfilaments |
d) microfilaments A microfilament mesh called the cell cortex reinforces plasma membranes. Section 4.10. |
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No animal cell has a ____________. a) plasma membrane b) flagellum c) lysosome d) cell wall |
d) cell wall Most prokaryotes, protists, fungi, and all plant cells secrete a wall around the plasma membrane. Many eukaryotic cells secrete a waxy, protective cuticle. Section 4.11. |
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_________ connect the cytoplasm of plant cells. a) Plasmodesmata b) Adhering junctions c) Tight junctions d) a and b |
a) Plasmodesmata Section 4.11. |
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Intermediate filaments are a feature of _________ cells. a) eukaryotic b) all c) animal d) algal |
a) eukaryotic Eukaryotic cells have an extensive and dynamic internal framework called a cytoskeleton. Intermediate filaments lent structural support to cells and tissues. They are the most stable elements of the cytoskeleton. Section 4.10.
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Match each term with the best description. __ centriole a. shows surface details __ ECM b. feature of secondary walls __ cuticle c. basal body __ lignin d. connectivity __ SEM e. protective covering |
c, d, e, b, a Sections 4.3, 4.10, 4.11 |
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Match each cell component with its specialization. __ mitochondrion a. protein synthesis __ chloroplast b. associates with ribosomes __ ribosome c. fatty acid breakdown __ smooth ER d. sorts and ships __ Golgi body e. assembles lipids __ rough ER f. photosynthesis __ peroxisome g. ATP production __ amlyoplast h. movement __ flagellum i. stores starch |
g, f, a, e, d, b, c, i, h Sections 4.4, 4.7, 4.9, and 4.10 |
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Which law of thermodynamics explains inputs and outputs in chemical reactions? |
The first law. The first law of thermodynamics says energy cannot be created or destroyed. Section 5.1, 5.3. |
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Is this reaction endergonic or exergonic?
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Exergonic. Section 5.4.
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At what temperature does E. coli DNA polymerase work fastest?
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About 37 degrees Celsius. Section 5.4 |
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What is the optimal pH for glycogen phosphorylation?
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This enzyme functions best within a range of pH between 6 and 8. Section 5.4 |
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is this metabolic pathway cyclic or linear?
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This is a linear pathway. Section 5.5.
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__________ is life's primary source of energy.
a. Food b. Water c. Sunlight d. ATP |
c. Sunlight
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Which of the following statements is not correct?
a. Energy cannot be created or destroyed. b. Energy cannot change from one form to another. c. Energy tends to disperse spontaneously. |
b. Energy cannot change from one form to another.
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Entropy ______________.
a. disperses b. is a measure of disorder c. always increases, overall d. b and c |
d. b and c
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If we liken a chemical reaction to an energy hill, then a(n) ___________ reaction is an uphill run.
a. endergonic b. exergonic c. catalytic d. both a and c |
a. endergonic
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If we liken a chemical reaction to an energy hill, then activation energy is like __________ .
a. a burst of speed b. coasting downhill c. a bump at the top of the hill |
c. a bump at the top of the hill
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Enzymes __________.
a. are proteins, except for a few RNAs b. lower the activation energy of a reaction c. are changed by the reactions they catalyze d. a and b |
d. a and b
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_________ are always changed by participating in a reaction. (Choose all that are correct.)
a. Enzymes b. Cofactors c. Reactants d. Coenzymes |
c. Reactants
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One environmental factor the influences enzyme function is _________. a. temperature b. wind c. light d. radioactivity |
a. temperature |
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A metabolic pathway ______________. a. may build or break down molecules b. generates heat c. can include an electron transfer chain d. all of the above
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d. all of the above |
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A molecule that donates electrons becomes _________, and one that accepts electrons becomes ________________. a. reduced; oxidized b. ionic; electrified c. oxidized; reduced d. electrified; ionic |
c. oxidized; reduced |
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An antioxidant _________________. a. prevents other molecules from being oxidized b. is necessary in the human diet c. balances change d. oxidizes free radicals |
a. prevents other molecules from being oxidized |
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Ions or molecules tend to diffuse from a region where they are ________ (more/less) concentrated to another where they are _________ (more/less) concentrated. |
more; less |
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_______ cannot easily diffuse across a lipid bilayer. a. Water b. Gases c. Ions d. all of the above |
c. Ions |
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Transporters that require an energy boost help sodium ions across a cell membrane. This is a case of ____________. a. passive transport b. active transport c. facilitated diffusion d. b and c |
b. active transport |
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Immerse a human red blood cell in a hypotonic solution, and water ____________. a. diffuses into the cell b. diffuses out of the cell c. shows no net movement d. moves in by endocytosis |
b. diffuses out of the cell |
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16. Vesicles form during __________. a. endocytosis b. exocytosis c. phagocytosis d. symbiosis e. a through c f. all of the above |
e. a through c |
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Match each term with its most suitable description. __ reactant a. assists enzymes __phagocytosis b. forms at reactions end __1st law of thermodynamics c. enters a reac. __product d. requires energy boost __cofactor e. one cell engulfs another __diffusion f. energy can't be created or destroy __passive transport g. faster with a gradient __active transport h. no energy boost required |
c, e, f, b, a, g, h, d |
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How many people are infected by E. coli O157:H7 each year in the United States? a. 100 b. 1000 c. 25 000 d. 10 000 e. 70 000 |
e. 70 000 |
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In cells, surface to volume ratios act to limit: a. cell number b. minimum cell size c. how long cells can live d. maximum cell size e. all of these |
d. maximum cell size |
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Cell theory was first articulated in the: a. 1250s b. 1830s c. 1860s d. 1850s e. 1950s |
b. 1830s |
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Which of the following could a human see without the aid of a microscope? a. mitochondria b. virus c. bacteria d. DNA molecule e. frog egg |
e. frog egg |
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Which of the following is not true of prokaryotes? a. They lack internal membranes. b. They lack a nucleus. c. They include archaea. d. They lack a cell wall. e. They lack ribosomes. |
d. They lack a cell wall. |
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The primary role of the vacuole is: a. storage b. making ATP from sugar breakdown c. protecting DNA d. making ATP from sunlight e. inactivating toxins |
a. storage |
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What is not found in all eukaryotes? a. nucleus b. cell wall c. ribosomes d. cytoplasm e. mitochondria |
b. cell wall Section 4.5 |
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Which of the following regulates access to the nucleus? a. chromosome b. chromatin c. nucleoplasm d. nucleolus e. nuclear envelope |
e. nuclear envelope |
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What is the role of the nucleolus? a. Begin replicating DNA. b. Produce additional endoplasmic reticulum. c. Begin ribosome production. d. Synthesize mRNA. e. All of these are roles of the nucleolus. |
c. Begin ribosome production. |
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On which of the following does protein synthesis take place? a. rough endoplasmic reticulum b. smooth endoplasmic reticulum c. peroxisome d. lysosome e. Golgi body |
a. rough endoplasmic reticulum |
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If a eukaryotic cell ingests a bacteria, it is delivered to a: a. rough endoplasmic reticulum b. smooth endoplasmic reticulum c. peroxisome d. lysosome e. Golgi body |
d. lysosome |
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Tay-Sachs disease occurs when ________ malfunctions. a. rough endoplasmic reticulum b. smooth endoplasmic reticulum c. peroxisomes d. lysosomes e. Golgi bodies |
d. lysosomes |
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Which of the following would be most likely to lack mitochondria? a. a plant cell b. an animal cell c. a protest d. a fungal cell e. an anaerobic eukaryote |
e. an anaerobic eukaryote |
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Chlorophyll is found in: a. amyloplasts b. chloroplasts c. chromoplasts d. mitochondria e. all plastids |
b. chloroplasts |
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Membranes are reinforced by: a. microtubules b. microfilaments c. cytoplasm d. intermediate filaments e. nucleoplasm |
d. intermediate filaments |
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Eukaryotic flagella have a ________ arrangement of microtubules. a. 9+1 b. 1+1 c. 2+9 d. 9+9 e. 9+2 |
e. 9+2 |
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Which of the following contains many waxes? a. cuticle b. tertiary wall c. primary wall d. secondary wall e. plasma membrane |
a. cuticle |
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Plant cells are connected by: a. gap junctions b. plasmodesmata c. adhering junctions d. tight junctions e. none of these |
b. plasmodesmata |
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Which of the following is not true of all living things? a. They engage in metabolism. b. They use RNA as their hereditary material. c. They use organic molecules. d. They are made of cells. e. They can adapt to environmental pressures. |
b. They use RNA as their hereditary material. |
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Ethanol is metabolized by the: a. liver b. small intestine c. brain d. large intestine e. stomach |
a. liver |
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The largest gland in the human body is the: a. liver b. small intestine c. brain d. large intestine e. stomach |
a. liver |
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What fraction of consumed calories contributes to the mass of steer generated? a. 25% b. 50% c. 100% d. 75% e. 10% |
e. 10% |
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Energy cannot be created or destroyed. This describes: a. potential energy b. chemical energy c. the second law of thermodynamics d. the first law of thermodynamics e. entropy |
d. the first law of thermodynamics |
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Which of the following is unique to an exergonic reaction? a. It has reactants. b. It has activation energy. c. It gives off energy. d. It requires energy. e. It has products. |
c. It gives off energy. |
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Exergonic reactions lead to: a. small molecules b. fats c. none of these d. proteins e. carbohydrates |
a. small molecules |
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The primary action of enzymes is to: a. Induce a fit with the substrate. b. Orient the substrates. c. Block out water molecules. d. Bring the substrates together. e. Reduce the activation energy. |
e. Reduce activation energy. |
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Enzymes are not impacted by: a. pH. b. Salinity. c. None of these impact enzymes. d. All of these impact enzymes. e. Temperature. |
d. All of these impact enzymes. |
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In feedback inhibition, what impacts the enzymatic pathway? a. intermediates b. redox reactions c. the products d. electron transfer chains e. the substrates |
c. the products |
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Which of the following is not true of electron transfer chains? a. The harvest energy. b. They involve multiple enzymes. c. They are bound to membranes. d. They are endergonic. e. They include redox reactions. |
d. They are endergonic. |
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Which of the following is not part of ATP? a. Ribose. b. Deoxyribose. c. All of these are part of ATP. d. Phosphate. e. Adenine. |
b. Deoxyribose |
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MHC is an example of which membrane protein? a. active transporters b. enzymes c. recognition proteins d. receptors e. passive transporters |
c. recognition proteins |
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Which of the following impacts membrane permeability? a. adhesion proteins b. enzymes c. recognition proteins d. receptors e. passive transporters |
e. passive transporters |
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Which of the following does not impact membrane permeability? a. Charge. b. Concentration. c. All of these impact membrane permeability. d. Temperature. e. Pressure. |
c. All of these impact membrane permeability. |
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Osmosis describes the diffusion of what across a membrane? a. gas b. carbohydrates c. lipids d. proteins e. water |
e. water |
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Passive transport only works: a. at high pressure b. down concentration gradients c. for small molecules d. up concentration gradients e. at high temperature |
b. down concentration gradients |
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The sodium-potassium pump is best described as a: a. active transporter b. cotransporter c. enzyme d. osmosis device e. passive transporter |
b. cotransporter |
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Substances may exit a cell via: a. pinocytosis b. phagocytosis c. none of these d. exocytosis e. endocytosis
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d. exocytosis |
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Cell eating would best be described by: a. pinocytosis b. phagocytosis c. none of these d. exocytosis e. endocytosis |
b. phagocytosis |
