Biology - Reproduction Flashcards

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1. Gamete

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a mature sexual reproductive cell, as a sperm or egg, that unites with another cell to form a new organism.

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2. Testis

Back 2

the male gonad or reproductive gland, either of two oval glands located in the scrotum.

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4. Epididymis

Back 3

an elongated organ on the posterior surface of a testis that constitutes the convoluted beginning of the vas deferens.

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5. Vas Deferens

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the duct that transports the sperm from the epididymis to the penis.

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6. Prostate Gland

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an organ that surrounds the urethra of males at the base of the bladder, comprising a muscular portion, which controls the release of urine, and a glandular portion, which secretes an alkaline fluid that makes up part of the semen and enhances the motility and fertility of sperm.

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7. Semen

Back 6

the viscid, whitish fluid produced in the male reproductive organs, containing spermatozoa.

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8. Penis

Back 7

the male organ of copulation and, in mammals, of urinary excretion.

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9. Ovary

Back 8

the female gonad or reproductive gland, in which the ova and the hormones that regulate female secondary sex characteristics develop.

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10. Ovum

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a.
the female reproductive cell or gamete of animals, which is capable of developing, usually only after fertilization, into a new individual.
b.
the female reproductive cell or gamete of plants.

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11. Fallopian Tube

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one of a pair of long, slender ducts in the female abdomen that transport ova from the ovary to the uterus and, in fertilization, transport sperm cells from the uterus to the released ova; the oviduct of higher mammals.

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12. Uterus

Back 11

Anatomy, Zoology .
the enlarged, muscular, expandable portion of the oviduct in which the fertilized ovum implants and develops or rests during prenatal development; the womb of certain mammals.

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13. Vagina

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a.
the passage leading from the uterus to the vulva in certain female mammals. Compare oviduct.
b.
a sheathlike part or organ.

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14. Cervix

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any necklike part, especially the constricted lower end of the uterus.

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15. Ovulation

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to produce and discharge eggs from an ovary or ovarian follicle.

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16. Menstrual Cycle

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The recurring cycle of physiological changes in the uterus, ovaries, and other sexual structures that occur from the beginning of one menstrual period through the beginning of the next.

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17. Menstruation

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1. the periodic discharge of blood and mucosal tissue from the uterus, occurring approximately monthly from puberty to menopause in nonpregnant women and females of other primate species.
2. the period of menstruating.

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18. Luteinizing Hormone

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hormone that triggers ovulation

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19. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone

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a hormone found in humans and other animals. It is synthesized and secreted by gonadotrophs of the anterior pituitary gland. FSH regulates the development, growth, pubertal maturation, and reproductive processes of the body. FSH and Luteinizing hormone (LH) act synergistically in reproduction.

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20. Estrogen

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any of several major female sex hormones produced primarily by the ovarian follicles of female mammals, capable of inducing estrus, developing and maintaining secondary female sex characteristics, and preparing the uterus for the reception of a fertilized egg: used, especially in synthetic form, as a component of oral contraceptives, in certain cancer treatments, and in other therapies.

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21. Progesterone

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also known as P4 (pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione) is a C-21 steroid hormone involved in the female menstrual cycle, pregnancy (supports gestation) and embryogenesis of humans and other species. Progesterone belongs to a class of hormones called progestogens, and is the major naturally occurring human progestogen.
Progesterone is commonly manufactured from the yam family, Dioscorea. Dioscorea produces large amounts of a steroid called diosgenin, which can be converted into progesterone in the laboratory

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3. Seminiferous Tubules

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Seminiferous tubules are located in the testes, and are the specific location of meiosis, and the subsequent creation of gametes, namely spermatozoa.
The epithelium of the tubule consists of sustentacular or Sertoli cells, which are tall, columnar type cells that line the tubule.
In between the Sertoli cells are spermatogenic cells, which differentiate through meiosis to sperm cells.
There are two types: convoluted and straight, convoluted toward the lateral side, and straight as the tubule comes medially to form ducts that will exit the testis.
The seminiferous tubules are formed from primitive sex cords. It is the medullary cords which develop into the seminiferous tubules and the cortical cords regress. The cords were formed from the gonadal ridge.