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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic?
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Eukaryotic
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How do they obtain food? (Heterotrophic...)
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Nonphotosynthetic (saprobic)
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Double P's
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Parasites and Predators
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Size ranges from...
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Microscopic to the largest organism in the world: Armillaria 861,000 ft^2
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What is the largest organism in the world?
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Armillaria
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How large is it?
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861,000 ft^2
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What are hyphae?
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Filaments of fungi; increase in length by cellular growth and division at the tip
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Cell walls are made of what?
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Chitin
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What is the distinguishing feature from plants?
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Cell walls made of chitin; plants have a cell wall made of cellulose
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What are septa?
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Cell walls that divide hyhae
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What are septate hyphae?
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Cell walls
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What does coenocytic mean?
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No septa
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What is dimorphism?
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The ability of an organism to change form
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What are the three ways they reproduce asexually?
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Spores, fragmentation, and budding
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What are sporangiophores?
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Specialized hyphae that look like upright stalks
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What is sporangium?
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Sac on top of sporangiophore
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What are sporangiospores?
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Spores inside the sporangium
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What is an example of a sporangiospore?
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Rhizopus stolonifer- black bread mold
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What are conidia?
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Spores without a sac
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What is an example of conidia?
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Penicillium
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What is a conidiophore?
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Stalklike structure
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What is fragmentation?
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Septate hyphae dries and shatters
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What is an example of fragmentation?
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Athlete's foot
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Describe sexual reproduction.
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Mating types "plus" and "minus"; two different mating types fuse
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What does sexual reproduction allow for?
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Genetic diversity
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What are the two stages of sexual reproduction?
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Plasmogamy and karyogamy
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What is the fungus known as between the two stages?
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Heterokaryon
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What is plasmogamy?
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Combining/sharing cytoplasm
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What is karyogamy?
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Fusion of haploid nuclei
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What is a heterokaryon?
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1 fungi with 2 sets of genetic information
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How long can there be between plasmogamy and karyogamy?
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Hours, centuries, etc.
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What is budding?
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Part of a cell pinches off to produce a new yeast
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What is the only thing that undergoes budding?
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Yeast
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What do molecular studies indicate are the closest relatives of fungi?
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Animals, not plants
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Fungi are heterotrophs that acquire their nutrients by ___.
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Absorption
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A fungus digests food where?
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Outside its body
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In order to digest food outside its body, a fungus secretes ___.
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Exoenzymes
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What do exoenzymes do?
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Decompose complex molecules to the simpler compounds that the fungus can absorb and use
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A fungus digests like our stomach ___ ___.
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Inside out
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What is another word for decomposers?
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Saprobes
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Yeasts are ___cellular.
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Unicellular
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Except for yeasts, the bodies of fungi are constructed of tiny filaments called ___.
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Hyphae
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The hyphae form an interwoven mat called a ___.
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Mycelium
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Most fungi are multicellular with hyphae divided into cells by cross-walls, or ___.
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Septa
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The septa generally have ___ large enough to allow ribosomes, mitochondria, and even nuclei to flow from cell to cell.
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Pores
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Most fungi build their cell walls mainly of ___.
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Chitin
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Chitin is also found where?
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External skeletons of insects and other arthropods.
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What are fungi without their hyphae divided into cells by cross-walls called?
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Coenocytic fungi: continuous cytoplasmic mass with hundreds or thousands of nuclei
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The fungus concentrates its energy and resources on adding hyphal ___.
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Length (NOT GIRTH!)
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Spores = ___
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Asexual
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___, which are reproductive structures of certain fungi, can puff out clouds containing trillions of spores.
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Puffballs
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The nuclei of fungal hyphae and spores of most species are ___.
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Haploid
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What means "different nuclei"?
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Heterokaryon
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What is the fusion of the two parents' cytoplasm when their mycelia come together?
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Plasmogamy
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What is the fusion of the haploid nuclei contributed by the two parents?
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Karyogamy
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What means "two nuclei"?
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Dikaryotic
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