Biology Q3 Study Guide

Front 1

What is open circulation?

Back 1

No vessels blood is pumped from heart and flows into tissues

Front 2

what is the development of a zygote?

Back 2

1 cells, 2 cells, 4 cells,.......blastula, gastrula

Front 3

Name the invertebrate phyla

Back 3

poriferera, arthropada,cnidaria, Platyhelminthes,Nematoda,mollusca, annelida,Echindodermata

Front 4

What is closed circulation?

Back 4

blood travels through vessels, and is pumped through the heart

Front 5

name the 7 classes of vertebrates..

Back 5

agnatha, chondricthyes, Osteichthyes, amphibia, reptilia, aves, mammals

Front 6

How many chambers does each class have in the heart

Back 6

fish-2, amphibians-3,reptiles-3.5,birds-4,mammals-4

Front 7

What type does each have?

Back 7

fish-exteral and internal, amphibians-external, reptiles-internal, aves-internal, mammals-internal

Front 8

Which vertebrates are cold blooded>?

Back 8

fish amphibians reptiles

Front 9

Which vertebrates are warm blooded

Back 9

mammals aves

Front 10

How do amphibians breathe?

Back 10

lungs/skin

Front 11

name the 4 tissue types and give examples..

Back 11

muscle-bicep,nervous-brain,connective-blood,epithelial-skin

Front 12

Name the 6 functions of the skeleton

Back 12

supports body, protects organ, enables movement, regulates calcium and phosphorus, shape, manufactures red blood cells

Front 13

name parts of bone

Back 13

periosteum, spongy bone, red and yellow bone marrow, and compact bone

Front 14

Describe cartilage, tendons, and ligaments.

Back 14

Cartilage-tough, flexible, connective tissues at the ends of bones. tendons- attached muscles to bones. Ligaments- connective tissues holding two bones together at a joint.

Front 15

describe osteocytes and ossification

Back 15

osteocytes are living bone cells found in compound bone. ossification is process by which cartilage is replaced by osteocytes.

Front 16

what is the difference between red and yellow marrow?

Back 16

Red is made of blood vessels and fibers and makes red and white blood cells. Yellow marrow consists mostly of fats and is used for energy.

Front 17

Describe the parts of a muscle

Back 17

muscle cells are made up of many muscle fibers which are made up of many smaller units, called myofibrils. Myofibrils are separated into sarcomeres by z-lines. These sarcomeres consist of myosin and actin.

Front 18

3 types of muscle

Back 18

Skeletal attached to periosteum of bone(voluntary), cardiac muscle makes up heart (involuntary), smooth found in wall of many organs (involuntary)

Front 19

What are antagonistic muscle pairs?

Back 19

Pair of muscles, each muscle moves bone in opposite direction of the other

Front 20

Name parts of skin (6)

Back 20

Adipose tissue-energy sweat, gland- releases excess water salt and urea, Hair follicle- insulation, Sebaceous Gland- produces sebum, Epidermis- outer layer

Front 21

Name and describe the 4 chambers of the human heart.

Back 21

Right atrium and ventricle- deoxygenated, Left atrium and ventricle- oxygenated

Front 22

Name 4 valves in human heart

Back 22

A/V valves are tricuspid and bicuspid
Semi-lunar are aorta and pulmonary

Front 23

Name major veins of the heart

Back 23

Superior and inferior Vena Cava & pulmonary veins

Front 24

Describe parts and functions of the blood vessels

Back 24

Arteries- take blood away, Capillaries- Connect arteries and veins, Veins- Bring blood back to heart

Front 25

What is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure?

Back 25

Systolic is when ventricle is contracted, diastolic is when ventricle is not contracted

Front 26

What are the 3 parts and functions of blood

Back 26

Plasma- liquid blood, blood solids- carry nutrients and wastes, Platelets- help with clotting

Front 27

Difference between red(erythrocytes) and white(leukocytes) blood cells

Back 27

Red- carry nutrients and wastes, White- defend body against pathogens

Front 28

What is Hemoglobin

Back 28

Actual transport of oxygen throughout the body

Front 29

What are the blood types?

Back 29

A, B, O, AB; Can be rh positive(+) or negetive(-)

Front 30

What are viruses?

Back 30

Non living genetic material that need a host cell to replicate. (Obligate intracellular parasite), They have no organelles, outer membrane, and are not living.

Front 31

Name 5 parts of Lytic Cycle

Back 31

1. Attachment, 2. Entry, 3. Replication, 4. Assembly, 5. Release

Front 32

Name parts of Lysogenic cycle

Back 32

1. Attachment, 2. entry, 3. Integration, 4. Cell multiplication; Can turn VIRULENT under certain stimuli

Front 33

What are the parts of a bacteriophage?

Back 33

Capsid, nucleic acid, collar, & Sheath. <-- Capsia, Tail fibers and baseplate

Front 34

Differences between viruses and bacteria

Back 34

Bacteria can reproduce on their own while viruses need a host. Bacteria have organelles and viruses don't. Viruses aren't living and Bacteria is a living cell

Front 35

How are viruses and bacteria similar.

Back 35

Both don't have a nucleus & both have RNA/DNA.

Front 36

Give an example of a RETROVIRUS and a non-retrovirus.

Back 36

RETRO- HIV, Non-retro- Herpes

Front 37

Describe parts of the respiratory system

Back 37

Nasal Cavity- filters dust particles, Pharynx- passageway for food and air, Epiglottis- cartilage flap, Larynx- voice box, Trachea- wind pipe (mouth to lungs),Bronchi- two tubes that trachea separates into, Lungs- Site of gas exchange, Alveoli- found in lungs, exchange gasses

Front 38

What is the diaphragm?

Back 38

Sheet of muscle that separates lungs from the rest of the abdomen.

Front 39

Name and describe the 3 types of respiration processes

Back 39

External- atmosphere and blood, Internal- blood and body cells, Cellular- Process that makes ATP

Front 40

2 parts of breathing

Back 40

Inspiration- inhale, Expiration- exhale

Front 41

Name parts and function of the brain

Back 41

Cerebrum- Controls complex behaviors, Cerebellum- coordinates movement, Medula, Oblongata- Regulates internal organs (relay station), Optic lobe- Sight, Ol Factory Bulbs- Smell