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27 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another.
Trait
Term used to describe organisms that producce offspring identical to themselves if allowed to self-pollinate.
True-Breeding
Process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell.
Fertilization
Scientific study of heredity.
Genetics
Offspring of crosses between parents with different traits.
Hybrid
Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait.
Gene
One of a number of different forms of a gene.
Allele
Seperation of alleles during gamete formation.
Segregation
Specialized cell involved in sexual reproduction.
Gamete
Likelihood that a particular event will occur.
Probability
Diagram showing the gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross.
Punnett Square
Term used to refer to an organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait.
Homozygous
Term used to refer to an organism that has two different alleles for the same trait.
Heterozygous
Physical characteristics of an organism.
Phenotype
Genetic makeup of an organism.
Genotype
Indepenedent segregation of genes during the formation of gametes.
Independent Assortment
One allele isn't completely dominant over the other.
Incomplete Dominance
Both alleles contribute to the phenotype of an organism (blend together).
Codominance
3 or more alleles of the same gene.
Multiple Alleles
Traits controlled by 2 or more genes.
Polygenic Traits
Chromosomes that each have a corresponding chromosome from the opposite-sex parent.
Homologous
Cell that contains both sets of homlogous chromosomes.
Diploid
Cell that contains only a single set of chromosomes and one set of genes.
Haploid
Number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the seperation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell.
Meiosis
A structure that contains 4 chromatids formed during meiosis.
Tetrad
Homologous chcromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis.
Crossing-Over
Diagram that shows relative locations of each known gene in a particular chromosome.
Gene Map