Biology Plants And Animals Definitions

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Abiotic

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Non-living factors

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Abscisic Acid

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A plant hormone that inhibits cell growth

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Abscission

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Leaf fall

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Aestivation

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The arrangement of petals within a flower

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Aggression

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A form of behavior that leads to harm of another organism.

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Allelopathy

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Biological phenomenon by which an organism produces a biochemical that influences other organisms

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Alpha animal

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The individual in the community with the highest social ranking.

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Annuals

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Plants that have their life cycle in 1 year

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Antibiosis

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The active inhibition of growth of organism by another species.

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Apical Dominance

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A biological phenomenon, when one side of the plant is more dominate and grows more branches

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Apical Meristem

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An area where mitosis occurs in a plant, especially vertical growth happens

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Auxin

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Plant hormone that promotes elongation of cells

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Behavior

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Response to stimuli

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Biennials

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A plant with a life cycle of 2 years

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Biological Clock

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An internal mechanism that tells an organism when to carry out biological functions

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Biotic

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Living factors

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Chemotropism

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A plants orienting response to chemical stimulus

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Circannual

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A biological rhythm that is approximately 1 year long

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Circadian

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A biological rhythm that is approximately 24 hours long

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Circalunar

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A biological rhythm that is approximately 29.5 days long

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Coleoptile

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A small shoot of a plant that can be used for phototropism experiments

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Commensalism

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A biological relationship that benefits one organism in the relationship

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Competition

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A situation where demand is greater than supply

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Cooperation

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A behavior that involves a group of organisms working together

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Crepuscular

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Active at dawn and dusk

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Cytokinins

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A plant hormone that promotes cell division

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Day Neutral Plants

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Plants that flower regardless of day length

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Diapause

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A period of suspended development in organism during unfavorable environmental conditions

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Diurnal

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Active during the day

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Divarication

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A biological phenomenon in plants, when the plants branch out at 90° to help prevent herbivory

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Dominant

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Hiding/controlling another substance or organism

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Dormancy

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A period in which an organism doesn't grow due to environmental conditions not being met

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Ecological Niche

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Where an organism lives and how it lives

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Elongation

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Mechanism for achieving diversity of fatty acids

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Endogenous

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Internally controlled

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Entrainment

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The process of resetting the biological clock

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Environment

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The surroundings or conditions in which an organism lives or operates

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Ephemerals

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Lasting for markedly brief time

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Epiphytes

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An example of paratism in plants

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Ethology

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The study of animal behavior

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Ethylene Gas

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Plant hormone that prevents cell elongation

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Etiolation

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The stems of plants of plants raised in the dark elongate much rapidly than normal

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Exogenous

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Externally controlled

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Exploitation

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A biological relationship that benefits one organism while harming the other

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Facultative Relationship

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A type of mutualism in which the interacting species derive benefit from each other but not fully dependent that each cannot survive without the symbiotic partner

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Florigen

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A plant hormone that is involved in flowering

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Free Running

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When an organisms biological clock is unaffected by zeitgebers

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Gause's Principle

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No two species with identical niches can coexist long in the same place

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Gibberellins

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A plant hormone that promotes rapid elongation of cells

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Herbivore

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An organism that eats plants

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Hierarchy

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Social ranking in organisms

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Hibernation

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Slow metabolism in winter

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Home Range

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Area in which an animal will roam for food and mates. Includes territory, nest and lair.

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Homing

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An internal mechanism that tells an organism where its habitat is.

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Hydrotropism

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Growth of roots towards a water source.

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IAA

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Another name for the plant hormone Auxin, that promotes flowering.

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Innate

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Behavior that is formed by the genetic code.

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Interspecific

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A biological relationship between organisms of different species.

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Intraspecific

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A biological relationship between members of the same species.

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Kinesis

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Animals non-directional response to stimulus.

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Lateral Buds

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A bud located on the side of the stem.

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Legumes

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A type of plant that has nitrogen fixing nodules on the ends of their roots.

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Lianas

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A climbing vine.

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Long Day Plants (LDP)

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A plant that needs more than the critical day length in order to flower.

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Mimicry

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The resemblance which certain animals and plants exhibit to other animals and plants in order to keep concealed from predators.

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Migration

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The movement of individuals from one geographic location to another.

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Mutualism

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A biological relationship between 2 different species, where both organisms benefit.

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Nastic

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Rapid reversible movements of plants to changes in the abiotic factors.

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Neutrality

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A biological relationship where neither organism affects the other.

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Obligate Mutualism

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A biological relationship where both species need each other in order to survive.

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Over-Wintering

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Migration to feeding grounds.

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Pair Bonding

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A long-lasting relationship between a particular male and female.

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Perennials

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A plant that completes its life-cycle in 3 or more years.

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Phaseshift

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A change in the start-time for a biological rhythm.

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Pheromone

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A chemical produced by an organism that is used to attract mates.

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Photoperiodism

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The regulation of seasonal activity by day length or photoperiod.

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Phytochrome

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A plant pigment and photoreceptor, which exists in 2 interconvertable forms (i.e. Pfr and Pr).

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Plant Hormone

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Internally secreted chemicals in plants that are used for regulating the plants growth.

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Predation

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A biological relationship where one organism is the prey and the other is the predator.

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Seed Masting

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The production of many seeds by a plant every two or more years in regional synchrony with other plants of the same species.

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Short Day Plants (SDPs)

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A plant that needs less than the critical day length in order to flower.

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Stratification

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A distinct vertical pattern seen in the species distribution in a community.

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Stratification

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Seed germination.

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Stimuli

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A detectable change in the internal or external environment.

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Submissive

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Behavior associated with conflict that is often ritulised which reduces actual fighting.

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Subordinate

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A biological relationship between species when one species threatens or becomes aggressive and the other species remains passive.

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Symbiosis

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Species interactions that involves close association, this includes paratism and mutualism.

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Taxes

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An organism's movement towards or away from stimulus.

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Territory

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Small area around home range which is defended.

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Thigmotropism

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A plant growth response to touch.

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Tropism

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Growth responses by parts of plants in response to the abiotic environment.

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Vernalisation

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Promotion of flowering by chilling.

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Waggle Dance

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A dance performed by honey-bees, which helps them communicate.

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Zeitgeber

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An environmental cue used to set the biological clock.