Biology Paper 1

Front 1

Bacteria

Back 1

Make you feel ill by producing toxins that damage cells and tissues

Front 2

Viruses

Back 2

live inside cells, replicate and burst

Front 3

protists

Back 3

eukaryotes, parasites

Front 4

fungi

Back 4

single celled, hyphae which grow and penetrate human skin or surfaces of plants causing disease, they can grow spores

Front 5

Pathogens can be spready by:

Back 5

water air and direct contact

Front 6

measles - virus

Back 6

spread by droplets, develop red skin rash and fever, can lead to pneumonia, most people are vaccinated

Front 7

HIV - virus

Back 7

spread by bodily fluid(sex or needles), flu like symptoms, early hiv can be controlled be antiretroviral drugs which stop the virus replicating

Front 8

Tobacco mosaic virus

Back 8

affects plants, discoloured, photosynthesis can't happen

Front 9

rose black spot- fungal disease

Back 9

causes purple or black spots on leaves, leaves can turn yellow and fall off, less photosynthesis so stunted growthl, can be treated by fungicides and stripping off affected leaves.

Front 10

malaria-protist

Back 10

mosquito, fever, reduced by mosquito nets, breading and insecticides

Front 11

gonorrhoea - bacteria

Back 11

STD, pain when urinate, thick yellow or green discharge on vagina or penis, can be treated by penicillin

Front 12

Preventing disease

Back 12

hygiene, vaccination, destroying vectors, quarrentine

Front 13

Fighting diease

Back 13

1.engulf foreign cells (phagocytosis), producing antibodies, producing anti toxins

Front 14

vaccination

Back 14

injecting a dead or inactive form of a pathogen into the body

Front 15

Gas exchange in lungs

Back 15

Enormous surface area

Moist lining

thin walls

good blood suppy

Front 16

villi

Back 16

big SA

single layer of surface cells

good blood supply for quick absorption

Front 17

Leaves

Back 17

flattened shape

guard cells

oxygen and water vapour diffuse in and out

Front 18

gills

Back 18

water enters fish through mouth and passes out through gills.

big SA

lots of blood capillaries

thin surface layer

Front 19

rate

Back 19

1000/time

Front 20

Benedict's test

Back 20

for sugars

blue to yellow, green and brick red

Front 21

iodine

Back 21

for starch

browny orange to blue, black

Front 22

bireut test

Back 22

for proteins

blue to pink or purple

Front 23

platelets

Back 23

help blood clot

Front 24

Sudan 3 test

Back 24

for lipids

top layer bright red