Biology Of Infectious Diseases

Front 1

Pathogens

Back 1

Disease causing agents such as certain bacteria and viruses

Front 2

Body's lines of defense against bacteria and viruses

Back 2

Barriers to entry

Skin and mucous membranes prevents pathogens from gaining entrance into the body

First responders

Phagocytic white blood cells prevent an infection

Acquired defenses

Kill the disease casing agent

Front 3

Bacteria

Back 3

Single celled prokaryotic that do not have a nucleus

Front 4

Three common shapes of bacteria

Back 4

Coccus sphere

Bacillus rod

Spirullum curved

Front 5

Describe the components of bacteria

Back 5

Cell wall of bacteria surrounded by a capsule that is thick and gelatinous that allow bacteria to stick to surfaces

Front 6

What do chillin antibiotics such as penicillin do

Back 6

Interfere with production of cell wall

Front 7

Flagella

Back 7

Long thin appendages that rotate 360 and cause the bacterium to move backward

Front 8

Fimbriae

Back 8

Stiff fibers that allow bacteria to adhere to surfaces such as host cells

Front 9

Pilus

Back 9

Elongated hollow appendage used to transfer dna from one cell to another

Front 10

Conjugation

Back 10

Genes that allow bacteria to be resistant to antibiotics can be passed between bacterial cells through a pilus

Front 11

Plasmids

Back 11

Circular pieces of dna in bacteria

Front 12

How do bacteria reproduce

Back 12

Binary fission

Front 13

Toxins

Back 13

Inhibit cellular metablism

Front 14

Clostridium tetani

Back 14

Produces toxin that prevents relaxation of muscle and body contort and suffocation happens

Front 15

Viruses

Back 15

Not composed of cells

Cellular parasites

Cannot aquire and use nutrients on their own

Genetic material includes double stranded dna or rna

Front 16

Prions

Back 16

Infectious particles made strictly of proteins

Front 17

Creautzfeltd Jakob disease cod or mad cow disease

Back 17

Prions form new shape and forces other prions to do the same and nervous tissue is lost

Front 18

Epidemic

Back 18

If there are more cases if the disease than expected in a certain area for a certain period of time

Front 19

Outbreak

Back 19

If epidemic is confined to a local area

Front 20

Pandemic

Back 20

Global epidemic

Front 21

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome aids

Back 21

When a person develops one or more oppturnistic disease

Front 22

Phases of an hiv infection

Back 22

Acute category a

Chronic category b

Aids category c

Front 23

Reverse transcriptase

Back 23

Catalyzes reverse transcription the conversion of the viral rna to viral dna

Front 24

Integrase

Back 24

Catalyzes the integration of viral dna into the dna of the host cell

Front 25

Protease

Back 25

Catalyzes the breakdown of the newly synthesized viral polypeptides into functional viral proteins

Front 26

Hiv life cycles

Back 26

Attachment

Fusion

Entry

Reverse transcription

Integration

Biosynthesis and cleavage

Assembly

Budding

Front 27

Provirus

Back 27

When viral dna has integrated into the host cell's dna

Front 28

Highly active antiretroviral therapy

Back 28

It stops hiv replication to such an extent that the viral load becomes undetectable it stops hiv from entering a cell and therefore prevent hiv from inserting it's genetic material into host cell

Front 29

What is the name of the bacterium that causes tuberculosis

Back 29

Mycobacteria tuberculosis