Biology Module 7

Front 1

Genetics

Back 1

the science that studies how characteristics get passed from parent to offspring

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genetic factors

Back 2

the general guideline of traits determined by a person's DNA

Front 3

environmental factors

Back 3

those 'nonbiological' factors that are involved in a person's surroundings such as the nature of the person;s parents, the person's friends, and the person;s behavioral choices

Front 4

spiritual factors

Back 4

the factors in a person's life that are determined by the quality of his or her relationship with God

Front 5

gene

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a section of DNA that codes for the production of a protein or a portion of protein, thereby causing a trait

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messenger RNA

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the RN that performs transcription

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anticodon

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a three-nucleotide base sequence on tRNA

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codon

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a sequence of three nucleotide bases on mRNA that refers to a specific type of amino acid

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chromosome

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DNA coiled around and supported by proteins, found in the nucleus of the cell

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mitosis

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a process of asexual reproduction in eukaryotic cells

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interphase

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the time intercal between cellular reproduction

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centromere

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the region that joins two sister chromatids

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mother cell

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a cell ready to begin reproduction, containing duplicated DNA and centrioles

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karyotype

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the figure produced when the chromosomes of a species during metaphase are arranged according to their homologous pairs

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diploid cell

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a cell with chromosomes that come in homologous pairs

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haploid cell

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a cell that has only one representative of each chromosome pair

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diploid number (2n)

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the total number of chromosomes in a diploid cell

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haploid number (n)

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the number of homologous pairs in a diploid cell

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meiosis

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the process by which a diploid (2n) cell forms gametes (n)

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gametes

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haploid cells (n) produced by diploid cells (2n) for the purpose of sexual reproduction

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virus

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a non-cellular infectious agent that has two characteristics: 1) it has genetic material (RNA or DNA) inside a protective protein coat. 2) it cannot reproduce on its own

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antibodies

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specialized proteins that aid in destroying infectious agents

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vaccine

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a weakend or inactive version of a pathogen that stimulates the body's production of antibodies which can aid in destroying the pathogen

Front 24

explain the DNA and RNA codes relationships

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guanine and cytosine combine.
adenine and thynine combine.
adenine in DNA = uracil in RNA
thynine in DNA = adenine in RNA

Front 25

1 amino acid is how many nucleotide bases and codons?

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3 nucleotide bases & 1 codon.

Front 26

what is the only code that has antocodons?

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tRNA

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DNA is ______
RNA is ______

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DNA = transcription
RNA = translation

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protein synthesis is occuring in the ribosome. is this part of translation or transcription

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translation

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if you look under a microscope and see distinct chromosome in a cell is the cell in interphase?

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no. chromosomes only go into their condensed form during reproduction

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what are the 4 stages of mitosis

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prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

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the diploid number of a cell is 16. what is the haploid number

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8

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the haploid number of a cell is 9. what is the diploid number

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18

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difference between a gamete and an animal cell

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gamete is a haploid. animal cells are diploids

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which is closer to mitosis: meiosis I or meiosis II

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meiosis II

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a single cell has seven pairs of chromosomes and goes through meiosis. how many cells result at the end? hoy many chromosomes exit in each cell? are chromosomes in each cell duplicate or not?

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the seven PAIRS became HAPLOIDS with seven DUPLICATED chromosomes. THERE ARE TWO CELLS. they are haploid so they have ONE CHROMOSOMES FROM EAHC PAIR. the chromosomes are DUPLICATED .

Front 36

what is the difference between a polar body and an egg

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polar body is non-functional. eggs are

Front 37

lyctic pathway is...?

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the way in which viruses reproduce. by killing the cells of the host.