Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Resting Membrane Potential
|
-70mV inside the cell, this is maintained by the Na+/K+ ATPase and K+ leak channel
|
|
Depolarization
|
Na+ Voltage-gated channels open, steady depolarization until threshold is hit, then AP is propagated
|
|
Threshold
|
for a typical cell, -50mV
|
|
Repolarization
|
1. Na+ VG channels close
2. K+ VG channels then open (more slowly than Na+ VGs and they stay open longer) 3. Overshooting RMP causes refactory period |
|
Absolute Refractory
|
No response no matter how strong the depolarization is
|
|
Relative Refractory
|
Need to depolarize more to get an AP
|
|
Nodes of Ranvier
|
Nodes between myelin, Na+ VG channels are concen. here
|
|
Steps in Synaptic Transmission
|
1. AP reaches synaptic knob
2. Open VG Ca2+ channels 3. Rush of a Ca2+ influx causes exocytosis of NT |
|
Post-synaptic receptors
|
Ligand-gated Ion Channels
|
|
Summation
|
1. decision by postsynaptic neuron whether to propagate an AP is determined by all pre-syn impinging upon it (can be excitatory or inhibitory)
|
|
Temporal Summation
|
rapid EPSP build-up from one cell that causes rapid AP
|
|
Spatial Summation
|
EPSPs and IPSPs from all synapses on postsynaptic membrane are summed at a given moment of time
|
|
Disynaptic reflex arc
|
losening of one muscle while contraction happens on another, innervates relaxing muscle
|
|
Reciprocal Innervation
|
deactivation of one thing due to stimualtion of another
|
|
Sympathetic Nervous System
|
Part of the ANS, does the "4-Fs": fight, fright, flight, and mating =0)
|
|
Parasympathetic Nervous System
|
Part of the ANS, "rest and digest"
|
|
Spinal Cord
|
Responsible for simple spinal reflexes and primitive processes (walking, peeing, and sex)
|
|
Hindbrain
|
(rhombencephalon) contains the medula, pons, and cerebellum
|
|
Medulla
|
controlls blood pressure, respiratory rate, and vomiting
|
|
Pons
|
control balance and antigravity posture
|
|
Cerebellum
|
"intergrating center" where complex movements are coordinated
|
|
Midbrain
|
(mesencephalon) relay area for visual and auditory info, contains mush of reticular activating system
|
|
Brainstem
|
medulla, pons, and midbrain
|
|
Forebrain
|
(prosencephalon) includes dienceph and telencephalon
|
|
Dienecephalon
|
contains thalamus and hypothalamus
|
|
Thalamus
|
relay center for somatic sensation
|
|
Hypothalamus
|
controlls temp regulation, memory, hunger, rage, and sex drive.
|
|
Telencephalon
|
regulates body movement, lmibic system, and basal nuclei
|
|
t/f
CNS contains unmyelinated axons |
f
|
|
t/f
PNS contains unmyelinated axons |
t
|
|
Corpus Callosum
|
connects left and right hemispheres
|
|
Somatice motor neuornos
|
1. innervate skeletal muscle
2. use Ach as their NT (excitatory only) 3. Have cell bodies in either the brainstem or in the ventral portion of the spinal cord. |
|
Autonomic preganglionic Neuron
|
1. cell body in the brain stem or psinal cord
2. release Ach as their NT |
|
Autonomic postganglionic Neuron
|
1.sends axon to the effector
2. Parasymp and symp differ in what NT they release |
|
t/f parasympathetic postganglionic neurons release Ach
|
t
|
|
t/f sympathetic postganglionic neurons release Ach
|
f
release norepinephrine |
|
Adrenal medulla
|
directly innervated by the sympathetic preganglionic neurons.
|
|
mechanoreceptors
|
respond to mechanical disturbances
|
|
chemoreceptors
|
olafactory/gustatory, pH, pCO2, and pO2 receptors
|
|
nocioreceptors
|
pain receptors, simplest type of sens receptor
|
|
thermoreceptors
|
changes in temperature, can be autonomic or somatic
|
|
electromagnetic receptors
|
photoreceptors in the eye
|
|
propioreceptors
|
awareness of self and of body part positions
|
|
Monosynaptic reflex arc
|
two neurons w/only one synapse
|
|
ganglia
|
somas located outside of the CNS
|