Biology Lecture Exam 3

Front 1

the enzyme that removes RNA primers and fills in gaps

Back 1

DNA polymerase

Front 2

the enzyme that synthesizes short RNA sequences in order to be gin DNA replication

Back 2

DNA primase

Front 3

binds to DNA and prevents it from re-forming a double helix

Back 3

single-strand binding protein

Front 4

the enzyme that synthesizes strands of RNA

Back 4

RNA polymerase

Front 5

scientist(s) that worked with Rosalind Franklin to determine the structure of DNA with X-ray diffraction

Back 5

Maurice Wilkins

Front 6

scientist(s) that determined how DNA replicates

Back 6

Meselson and Stahl

Front 7

scientist(s) that determined one gene codes for one enzyme

Back 7

Alfred Garrod

Front 8

scientist(s) that proposed that different genes located on the same chromosome tend to be inherited together

Back 8

Thomas Hunt Morgan

Front 9

the alleles of one gene change the expression of the alleles of another gene

Back 9

epistasis

Front 10

Mendel's law that states during the formation of gametes, the segregation of one allelic pair is not dependent on the segregation of another allelic pair

Back 10

Independent Assortment

Front 11

Guanine makes up 24% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA from an organism. What percent of the nucleotides in this sample will be thymine?
a. 12
b. 24
c. 26
d. 48
e. it cannot be determined

Back 11

c. 26

Front 12

A mutation that will most always have a negative effect on a protein is a
a. base substitution
b. nonsense mutation
c. frameshift mutation
d. all of the above
e. b and c

Back 12

e. b and c

Front 13

Once transcribed, prokaryotic mRNA typically undergoes substantial alteration that includes
a. excision of introns
b. addition of poly A tail to increase stability
c. addition of Gppp cap for proper exit from the nucleus
d. a, b, and c only
e. none of the above

Back 13

e. none of the above

Front 14

Which of the following has a large and small subunit and travels along the mRNA for protein synthesis?
a. AUG
b. cDNA
c. DNA polymerase
d. rRNA
e. tRNA

Back 14

d. rRNA

Front 15

Color blindness is a sex-linked trait. If a mother is a carrier for this trait (but has normal vision) and a father who is color blind have children, what percentage of their children would be expected to be color blind?
a. 0%
b. 25%
c. 50%
d. 75%
e. 100%

Back 15

c. 50%

Front 16

Transcribe the following template sequence. 3' CAGGCTTAG5'
a. 3'GUCCGAAUC5'
b. 3'CAGGCUUAG5'
c. 5'GTCCGAATC3'
d. 5'GUCCGAAUC3'
e. 5'CAGGCUUAG3'

Back 16

d. 5'GUCCGAAUC3'

Front 17

Match the scientists responsible for determining the structure of DNA on the left with their specific discovery on the right.
i. Rosalind Franklin
ii. Erwin Chargaff
iii. Watson & Crick

a. the ratio of purines to pyrimidines is 1
b. DNA forms an antiparallel double helix
c. DNA is a helix of uniform width

a. i=b, ii=c, iii=a
b. i=a, ii=b, iii=c
c. i=c, ii=b, iii=a
d. i=b, ii=a, iii=c
e. i=c, ii=a, iii=b

Back 17

e. i=c, ii=a, iii=b

Front 18

During translation, the tRNA transfers the amino acid to the polypeptide in the ___ site. Then the uncharged tRNA leaves via the ___ site.
a. P,A
b. A,P
c. A,E
d. P,E
e. E,P

Back 18

d. P,E

Front 19

Given the parents aaBbCc and AabbCc, what proportion of the progeny will be expected to phenotypically resemble the first parent? (Assume genes are not linked)
a. 1/16
b. 1/4
c. 3/8
d. 3/16
e. 1/2

Back 19

d. 3/16

Front 20

In certain plants, tall is dominant to short. If a heterozygous plant is crossed with a homozygous tall plant, what is the probability that the offspring will be short?
a. 1/2
b. 1/4
c. 0
d. 1
e. 1/6

Back 20

c. 0

Front 21

In guinea pigs, pink eyes are dominant to white eyes and pink noses are dominant to brown noses. The genes for these 2 traits are linked on the same chromosome. Both parents are heterozygous for both traits. Their offspring were 24 pink/pink, 1 pink/brown, 4 white/pink, and 3 white/brown. What is the recombination frequency?
a. 50%
b. 33%
c. 25%
d. 20%
e. 6%

Back 21

c. 25%

Front 22

What would be the appropriate mRNA if the template strand was 5'TACCGATCG3'?
a. 5'GGCAGCCAU3'
b. 5'CGAUCGGUA3'
c. 5'GCUAGCCAU3'
d. 5'AUGGCUAGC3'
e. 5'UACCGATCG3'

Back 22

b. 5'CGAUCGGUA3'

Front 23

Arrange the following genetic terms in order of complexity from largest to smallest.
i. chromosome
ii. nucleotide
iii. genome
iv. double helix
a. i, iv, iii, ii
b. i, ii, iii, iv
c. iv, i, iii, ii
d. iii, ii, iv, i
e. iii, i, iv, ii

Back 23

e. iii, i iv, ii

Front 24

Match the scientists on the top w/ the relevant discovery on the bottom.
i. Avery, McCarty, MacLeod
ii. Griffith
iii. Hershey, Chase

a. DNA is genetic material of T2 phage
b. biochemical genetic material can transform bacterial cells
c. DNA and not protein is genetic materia;

a. i=a, ii=c, iii=b
b. i=b, ii=a, iii=c
c. i=c, ii=b, iii=a
d. i=c, ii=a, iii=b
e. i=a, ii=b, iii=c

Back 24

e. i=a, ii=b, iii=c

Front 25

Which one of the following would least likely be found in a strand of DNA?
a. phosphate
b. ribose
c. cytosine
d. thymine
e. guanine

Back 25

b. ribose

Front 26

One strand of a section of DNA reads: 5'TCGGACCTGAC3'
What would be the 5' to 3' sequence of the complementary strand?
a. 5'CAGTCCAGGCT3'
b. 5'UCGGACCUGAC3'
c. 5'AGCCTGGACTC3'
d. 5'GTCAGGTCCGA3'
e. 5'AGCCUGGACUG3'

Back 26

d. 5'GTCAGGTCCGA3'

Front 27

Which one of the following statements about DNA in incorrect?
a. The amount of A in double stranded DNA is equal to the amount of G
b. The amount of purines in double stranded DNA is equal to the amount of pyrimidines.
c. The amount of thymine can differ in the DNA of various species.
d. The ratio of thymine to adenine is the same in the DNA of all species.
e. All of the above statements about DNA are correct.

Back 27

a. The amount of A in double stranded DNA is equal to the amount of G.

Front 28

An enzyme called _______ relieves the supercoiling of the DNA caused by unwinding of double stranded DNA by ______.
a. helicase, topoisomerase
b. DNA polymerase, DNA polymerase
c. topoisomerase, helicase
d. DNA polymerase, helicase
e. ligase, primase

Back 28

c. topoisomerase, helicase

Front 29

Match the process on the top with the cellular location in a eukaryotic cell on the right.
i. RNA processing
ii. DNA replication
iii. Translation
iv. Transcription

a. cytoplasm
b. nucleus

a. i=a, ii=b, iii=a, iv=b
b. i=b, ii=b, iii=b, iv=a
c. i=b, ii=b, iii=a, iv=b
d. i=a, ii=b, iii=b, iv=a
e. i=b, ii=a, iii=b, iv=b

Back 29

a. i=a, ii=b, iii=a, iv=b

Front 30

Match the type of RNA on the top with the specific function on the bottom.
i. tRNA
ii. mRNA
iii. rRNA

a. forms part of the platform for protein synthesis
b. carries amino acids to the site of protein synthesis
c. contains the information for correct sequence of amino acids in a protein

a. i=b, ii=c, iii=a
b. i=a, ii=b, iii=c
c. i=c, ii=b, iii=a
d. i=b, ii=a, iii=c
e. i=c, ii=a, iii=b

Back 30

a. i=b, ii=c, iii=a

Front 31

The addition of an amino acid to a tRNA molecule is catalyzed by a(n) _________, and is driven by ________.
a. peptidyl transferase, ATP
b. aminoacyl tRNA synthetase, ATP
c. peptidyl transferase, GTP
d. aminoacyl tRNA synthetase, GTP
e. aminoacyl tRNA synthetase, hydrolysis of the amino acid from a polypeptide chain

Back 31

d. aminoacyl tRNA synthetase, GTP

Front 32

Which of the following is an example of genetic regulation?
a. E.coli increases expression of beta-galactosidase in response to lactose in the growth medium
b. The cells in a developing fetus synthesize different proteins depending on the stage in development
c. Brain cells produce a different set of proteins than muscle cells
d. A cell has encountered DNA damage and expresses a set of repair proteins to fix the damage
e. All of the above are examples of genetic regulation

Back 32

e. All of the above are examples of genetic regulation

Front 33

Under which of the following conditions would lac operon expression in E.coli be maximal?
a. high glucose, low lactose
b. low glucose, high lactose
c. high glucose, high lactose
d. low glucose, low lactose

Back 33

b. low glucose, high lactose

Front 34

Which one of the following is an example of an induced mutation?
a. spontaneous deamination of cytosine into thymine
b. an incorrect base incorporated and not corrected during DNA replication
c. free radicals in the cell alter the structure of DNA and interfere with normal replication
d. exposure to UV radiation
e. incorporation of foreign DNA into the genome

Back 34

d. exposure to UV radiation

Front 35

True or False: Using the Ames test, a compound is determined to be mutagenic if it causes a His- bacterial strain (requires histidine in the growth medium) to become His+ (does not require supplemental histidine).
a. True
b. False

Back 35

a. True

Front 36

Which one of the following do chloroplasts and mitochondria have in common?
a. Their genomes are typically maternally inherited
b. They are believed to have evolved from ancestral prokaryotic species
c. Their genomes code for proteins that function within the organelle itself
d. Their genomes are typically smaller than the nuclear genome
e. all of the above

Back 36

e. All of the above

Front 37

Which one of the following is an example of an environmental factor affecting phenotypic expression in a population?
a. The amount of rain affects the yield of an orange crop
b. The availability of nutrients affects the weight of a mammalian species
c. The amount of time spent in the sunlight affects the skin color of a population
d. a and c
e. a, b, and c

Back 37

e. a, b, and c

Front 38

____________ is the enzyme that prevents chromosomal shortening during DNA replication.

Back 38

Telomerase

Front 39

If a mutation eliminates the function of this gene, cancer can occur.

Back 39

Tumor-suppressor gene

Front 40

lacI encodes the ____ _________ protein. RNA polymerase can bind but not move forward if this is in place.

Back 40

lac repressor

Front 41

At what site does the lac repressor bind?

Back 41

operator

Front 42

When trying to determine the genotype of an individual, a test cross is done. The test cross must be done with what genotype?

Back 42

homozygous recessive

Front 43

___________ cancers are able to migrate to other parts of the body.

Back 43

Metastatic

Front 44

In prokaryotes, the most common point of gene regulation is at ____________.

Back 44

transcription

Front 45

In the experiment using bacteriophage to determine the genetic material injected into the bacteria, which radiolabel did they find in the bacteria? (35S or 32P)

Back 45

32P

Front 46

__________ ___________ correctly proposed that regions of proteins can fold into a structure known as an alpha helix. (This scientist used ball and stick models like Watson and Crick)

Back 46

Linus Pauling

Front 47

If I have an equal number of red, blue, and yellow balls in a bag, what is the probability that I will grab one of each color if I reach in and grab 3 balls?

Back 47

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