Biology Lecture 8: Muscle, Bone, And Skin

Front 1

Three types of muscle tissue

Back 1

1. Skeletal muscle
2. Cardiac muscle
3. Smooth muscle

Front 2

Muscle contractions four possible functions

Back 2

1. Body movement
2. Stabilization of body position
3. Movement of substances through the body
4. Generating heat to maintain body temperature

Front 3

Tendon

Back 3

Connects muscle to bone

Front 4

Ligament

Back 4

Connects bone to bone

Front 5

Synergistic muscles

Back 5

Assist the agonist by stabilizing the origin bone or by positioning the insertion bone during the movement

Front 6

Sarcomere

Back 6

The smallest functional unit of skeletal muscle; composed of protein thick and thin filaments

Front 7

Myofibril

Back 7

Many sarcomeres positioned end to end

Front 8

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Back 8

Specilized endoplasmic reticulum that surrounds the muscle cell

Front 9

Sarcolemma

Back 9

Modified membrane that wraps several myofibrils together to form a muscle cell or muscle fiber

Front 10

Thick filament

Back 10

Made of the protein myosin

Front 11

Thin filament

Back 11

Made of the protein actin

Front 12

T-tubules

Back 12

Create a uniform muscle contraction allowing the action potential to spread through the muscle cell more rapidly

Front 13

Motor unit

Back 13

A neuron and the muscle fibers that innervate it

Front 14

Myoglobin

Back 14

Oxygen storing protein that only has one protein subunit (hemoglobin has 4)

Front 15

Hypertrophy

Back 15

Increase in muscle cell diameter and change in muscle conformation

Front 16

Cardiac muscle

Back 16

Striated (composed of sarcomeres), contains only ONE nucleus, and is separated from its neighbor by intercalated disc; involuntary, larger and more numerous mitochondria

Front 17

Intercalated disc

Back 17

Contain gap junctions which allow action potential to spread from one cardiac cell to the next via electrical synapses

Front 18

Smooth muscle

Back 18

Involuntary, innervated by the autonomic nervous system, Contain ONE nucleus, intermediate filaments, and thick and thin filaments (but are not organized into sarcomeres)

Front 19

Intermediate filaments

Back 19

Upon contraction pulls dense bodies together

Front 20

Dense bodies

Back 20

Small regions of increased density in the sarcoplasm of skeletal muscles to which myofilaments seem to attach

Front 21

Bone

Back 21

Living tissue that functions to support soft tissue, protect internal organs, assist in body movement, mineral storage, blood cell production, and energy storage

Front 22

Red bone marrow

Back 22

Red blood cell development; spongy bone

Front 23

Yellow bone marrow

Back 23

Contains adipose cells for fat storage; surrounded by compact bone

Front 24

Osteoblast

Back 24

Bone-forming cell

Front 25

Osteocyte

Back 25

Bone cell

Front 26

Osteoclast

Back 26

Absorption of bone, as in the formation of canals

Front 27

Cartilage

Back 27

Flexible, resilient, connective tissue

Front 28

Skin

Back 28

An organ that functions in thermoregulation, protection, environmental sensory input, excretion, immunity, blood reservoir, and vitamin D synthesis

Front 29

Epidermis

Back 29

Avascular (no blood vessels)

Front 30

Dermis

Back 30

Vascular connective tissue

Front 31

Integumentary system

Back 31

Skin, hair, nails, glands and some nerve endings