Biology Lecture 4: The Eukaryotic Cell; The Nervous System

Front 1

Nucleus

Back 1

Contains all of the DNA (except for a small amount in mitochondria)

Front 2

Nuclear pores

Back 2

Large holes where RNA can exit the nucleus but DNA cannot

Front 3

Nucleolus

Back 3

Area within the nucleus where rRNA is transcribed and subunits of the ribosome are assembled

Front 4

Three Types of
Endocytosis

Back 4

1. Phagocytosis
2. Pinocytosis
3. Receptor mediated endocytosis

Front 5

Phagocytosis

Back 5

Cell membrane protrudes outward to envelope and engulf particulate matter

Front 6

Pinocytosis

Back 6

Extracellular fluid is engulfed by small invaginations of the cell membrane

Front 7

Smooth ER

Back 7

Lacks ribosomes; synthesis of various lipids, fatty acids and steroids, and also plays an important role in carbohydrate metabolism, detoxification of the cell, and calcium storage

Front 8

Rough ER

Back 8

Studded with ribosomes, manufactures and transports proteins destined for membranes and secretion; site where translation occurs

Front 9

Golgi apparatus

Back 9

Flattened membrane bound sacs that can modify and deliver proteins released by the ER to specific places within the cell

Front 10

Lysosome

Back 10

Hydrolytic enzymes that fuse with endocytotic vescicles and digest their contents

Front 11

Peroxisome

Back 11

Contains enzymes, such as catalase and oxidase, that catalyze the production and breakdown of hydrogen peroxide

Front 12

Cytoskeleton

Back 12

Network of filaments that anchor some cellular components, moves components within the cell, and move the cell itself

Front 13

Microtubules

Back 13

Rigid hollow tubes made of the protein tubulin; larger than microfilaments, involved in flagella and cilia construction and mitotic spindle

Front 14

Microfilaments

Back 14

Squeeze the membrane together in phagocytosis

Front 15

Axoneme

Back 15

A bundle of microtubules and other proteins forming the core of each cilium or flagellum
(9+2)

Front 16

Dynein

Back 16

Connect outer pairs of microtubules to their neighbor

Front 17

Centrosome

Back 17

Organizes formation of a spindle during mitosis or meiosis

Front 18

Actin

Back 18

A protein that forms fibers that make up part of a cytoskeleton

Front 19

Three Types of Cell Junctions

Back 19

1. Tight Junctions
2. Desmosomes
3. Gap Junctions

Front 20

Tight Junctions

Back 20

Act as fluid barriers around cells

Front 21

Desmosomes

Back 21

Join two cells together at a single point

Front 22

Gap Junctions

Back 22

Small tunnels connecting cells

Front 23

Mitochondria

Back 23

Energy powerhouse of the cell

Front 24

Endosymbiont Theory

Back 24

Mitochondria may have evolved from a symbiotic relationship between ancient prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Front 25

Cristae

Back 25

Inwardly projecting folds of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion