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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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As Magnification increases, depth of field...
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DECREASES
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The total magnification of a microscope with a 5x ocular and a 40x objective in place is...
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200x
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As magnification increases, field of view...
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DECREASES
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As magnification increases, resolving power...
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INCREASES
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The distance between the specimen and the objective lens is called the ______ distance
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WORKING
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All of the following are features of ALL cells except:
a. cell is bound by plasma membrane b. presence of internal membranes c. presence of DNA d. presence of ribosomes |
C. PRESENCE OF INTERNAL MEMBRANES
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Prokaryotic cells are typically much larger than eukaryotic cells...True or False
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FALSE
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In terms of cellular organization, a(n) ______ is defines by a random group size:
a. unicelluar b.aggregate c. simple colony d. complex colony e. multicellular |
B. AGGREGATE
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The organism volvox displays _____ cellular organization:
a. unicellular b. aggregate c. simple colony d.complex colony e. multicellular |
D. COMPLEX COLONY
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The cells of a multicellular organism are fully capable of surviving on their own...True or False
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FALSE
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Single celled organisms all living functions carried out by that cell
Example: Amoeba |
UNICELLULAR
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Random groupe size no permanent connection between cells, each cell has individual cell membrane/wall
Example: Protococcus |
AGGREGATE
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No physiological conection, maintain a predictable cellular structure
Example: Scendesmus |
SIMPLE COLONY
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Physiological connections, some cells are specialized
Example: Volvox |
COMPLEX COLONY
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Contain a large number of cells with specialized structure and function, no one cell can survive alone
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MULTICELLULAR
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Compounds that speed up a chemical reaction without being used up or altered
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ENZYMES (AS CATALYSTS)
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Material with which the catalyst reacts modified during the reaction to form a new product
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SUBSTRATE
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Chemicals that must bind for the enzyme to be active
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ACTIVATOR
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Nonprotein substances that usually bind to the active site on the enzyme and essential for the enzyme
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COFACTORS
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Organic cofactors, others may be simply metal ions
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COENZYME
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Facilitate the breakdown of starch
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AMYLASE
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As concentration increases the rate of dissapearance...
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INCREASES
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As concentration increases rate of time...
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DECREASES
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Dissolves other substances
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SOLVENT
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Substance being dissolved
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SOLUTE
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Water passes freely but regulates solutes
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SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE
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Higher concentration to lower concentration
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DIFFUSION
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Diffusion of water, if molecules can't move water will
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OSMOSIS
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Substances that can't cross membrane and cause osmosis
ie. hypo to hyper until iso |
OSMOTICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCE (OAS)
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Higher Concentration of OAS
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HYPERTONIC
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Lower concentration of OAS
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HYPOTONIC
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Same concentration of OAS
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ISOTONIC
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Plant Cell with no cell wall, cytoplasm enclosed by membrane
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PROTOPLAST
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No movement of water in cell, burging out against wall
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TURGID
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Pressure of protoplast on cell wall owing to uptake of water
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TURGOR PRESSURE
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Large particles in motion result of molecular kinetic energy being passed on
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BROWNIAN MOVEMENT
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Shrivel
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CRENATE
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Burst
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LYSIS
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Enzymes are biological ____, compounds that increase the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up or altered in the process
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CATALYSTS
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In the experiment from week 3, as concentration of amylase increased, the rate of starch disappearance...
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INCREASED
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The ideal pH for the action of amylase is...
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6.4
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______ Inhibition occurs when the inhibitor binds to a part of the enzyme that is not the active site
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NONCOMPETITIVE
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Amylase is found in the ____ of many animals
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SALIVA
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A(n) ____ is the component of a solution that dissolves other substances
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SOLVENT
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During week 4, we learned that ____ and ____ were small enough to diffus through the pores of the dialysis bag
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I2kI(Iodine) & Glucose
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The appearance of a plant cell in a hypertonic solution is best described as ...
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PLASMOLYZED
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The appearance of an animal cell in a hypertonic solution is best described as ...
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CRENATED
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Animal cells in a hypotonic solution undergo ...
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LYSIS
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Losing Electrons
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OXIDATION
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Gaining Electrons
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REDUCTION
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The more yeast the ____ the CO2 evolved
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FASTER
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Yeast Concentration Increased, Fermentation ...
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INCREASES
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Mitochondrial Suspension
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SOURCE
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Succinate
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SUBSTRATE
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Controlling pH
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BUFFER
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The way somatic cells reproduce and regenerate
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MITOSIS
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Cytoplasm Divides
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CYTOKINESIS
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One division to the next
*Interphase *Mitotic Phase(M): Division of Nucleus and Cytoplasm |
CELL CYCLE
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Cell Grows and synthesizes new molecules and organelles
* 3 Subphases: G1, S, G2 * Chromosomes duplicated (appear as chromatin) |
INTERPHASE
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Chromatin coil and now visible
*Duplicated chromosomes as sister chromatin *Spindle formation begins *Centrioles begin moving toward poles |
PROPHASE
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Mitotic Spindle formed with poles at opposite ends
*Chromosomes line up *Spindle fibers attach to centromeres of chromatid |
METAPHASE
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2 Centromeres come apart separating sister chromatids
*Sister chromatids now daughter chromosome *Attach spindle fibers pull them apart *Other spindle fibers lengthen, elongating cell |
ANAPHASE
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*Cell elongation continues
*Daughter nuclei appear at poles *Nuclear envelope forms *Chromatin fibers uncoil, nuclei reappear *Mitotic spindle disappears *Cleavage furrow or cell plate forms *Cells separate |
TELOPHASE AND CYTOKINESIS
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Cytokinesis in____
*Cleavage Furrow *Pinches Cell Apart Cytokinesis in___ *Cell plate forms *New cell wall separating 2 cells |
ANIMAL CELLS & PlANT CELLS
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Four 1n daughter cells are produced in___, sister chromosomes separate____
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Meiosis2, Anaphase2
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The way higher organisms reproduce, gametes create genetically unique offspring
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MEIOSIS
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1n (Single set of chromosomes)
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HAPLOID
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2n (2 Sets of homologous chromosomes)
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DIPLOID
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Humans have...Chromosomes
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46 Diploid
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Gametes (Sperm/Egg) are....
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Haploid
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*Same process as mitosis
*Chromosomes duplicate *Chromosomes now a mass of chromatin *Centrosomes duplicated |
INTERPHASE1
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*90% of time
*Chromatin Coils up *4 Chromatids called Tetrads form *Crossing Over occurs *Spindle fibers begin forming *Nuclear envelope breaks down |
PROPHASE1
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*Tetrads align on metaphase plate
*Spindle fibers attached at centromeres *Homologous chromosomes held together at sites of crossing over |
METAPHASE1
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*Chromosomes are pulled to the poles of the cell by spindle fibers
*Sister chromatids do not separate at their centromeres, only tetrads separate |
ANAPHASE1
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*Chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell
*Each pole now has halpoid chromosome set *Cytokinesis occurs |
Telophase1 and Cytokinesis
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