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97 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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____________ is one or more factors that the scientist varies during the experiment.
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Independent variable
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______________ is a feature that the scientist measures in order to determine if it cchanges in response to the independnet variables.
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Dependent variable
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Caffeine made the heart beat of the Daphnia _______ while alcohol made the heart beat ________.
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speed up; slow up
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A __________ is a sample where the independent variables are omitted.
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control sample
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___________ are results of an experiment are valid only if they are consistent when the experiment is repeated.
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Replication
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The _______ sample size the more consistent the results will be.
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larger
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In Lab 1, The Daphnia is a ___________.
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water flea
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_______ and ______ are equal to a meter.
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Liter, gram
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In Lab 2, to determine the weight of objects in grams you will use a ________________.
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triple beam balance
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In Lab 2, a _____________ is used which means that to accurately deliver 5 ml all fluid must be expelled from the pipet.
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blowout pipet
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The ___________ can easily be seen in glass containers and it curves upward at the edges.
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meniscus of the fluid
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____________ of a microscope is the capabilitty to enlarge an image by using lenses.
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Magnification
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The compund microscope uses what two types of lenses?
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1. eyepiece lense
2. objective lenses |
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In a compound microscope,the eyepiece lenses are ___ magnification and are ___________.
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10; constant
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In a compound microscope, the objective lenses consist of three lenses. Name them and their magnifications.
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Low power (4X)
Medium power (10X) High power (40X) |
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The ____________ is calculated by multiplying the strength of the two lenses (oscular and objective lenses)
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magnification
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The resolution or __________ of your microscope is very important and is widely variable among microscopes.
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resolving power
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We use the ___________microscopes that are moncular which means they have one eyepiece.
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A.O. (American Optical)
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Moving the ____________ left or right changes the intensity of the light.
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iris diaphragm rocker-lever
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The ___________ is used to improve the image.
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fine focusing knob
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The ___________ is used to move the low objective close to the slide.
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coarse focusing knob
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What are the two major types of prokaryotic cells?
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Bacteria and cyanobacteria
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What are the three common bacterial shapes?
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rod, cocci, and spirilla
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Eukaryoyes have a _________ which prokaryotes do not have.
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nucleus
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Plant cells have a ________ and ________ which animal cells do not have.
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cell wall, chrloplasts
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Gram positive stain ________ while gram negative stain _____.
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purple; pink
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Cyanobacteria are also called __________.
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blue green algae
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Eukaryotic cells include what?
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humans, plants, animals, fungi, and protists.
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Some protists ingest their own food which mean they are __________.
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hetrotrophs
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The __________ is a protist that uses cilia for locomotion.
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paramecium
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In Lab 3, the Tetrahymena uses _________ to move.
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cilia
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In Lab 3, Amoeba uses _________ to move.
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pseudopods
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Erythrocytes are ________ and have no nucleus.
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red blood cells
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Leucocytes are _____________ and their nucleus is easy to see.
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white blood cells
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In Lab 3, what are the two types of white blood cells?
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neutrophils and lymphocytes
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The neutrophils have a ____________ nucleus.
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convoluted
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The lymphocytes are smaller than the neutrophils and have a _________ nucleus.
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round
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In Lab 3, while observing the Elodea in the center of the cell was a ___________a and green spheres called _________ which move by a process called ___________.
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central vacoule, chrloplasts, cyclosis
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In Lab 3, we had to measure the length of the ______________.
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onion epidermal cells
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An __________ uses an elestron source to view an image.
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electron microscope
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What are the two basic types of electron microscopes?
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scanning and transmission
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A _____________ is used to view the surface of cells.
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scanning electron microscope
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A ____________ is used mainly to view the interior of the thinly sectioned cells such that membranes, organelles, and other features can be studied.
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transmission electron microscope
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Paramecium, Tetrahymena, and Amoeba are all ____________.
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protists
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In Lab 4 it was discovered that as temperature increaes the molecules move faster. Why?
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Because they have more kinetic energy
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In Lab 4, _____________ was used to see the effect of temperature on the rate of simple diffusion.
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potassium permanganate
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In Lab 4, the instructors added _____ and _____ to the diffusion bomb.
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HCL and NH3
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How does molecular weight of a compound affect the rate of diffusion?
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The smaller a compound is the faster it will move and vice versa
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In Lab 4, to see how Brownian works what was used?
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Lampblack and detergent
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In Lab 4, to discover how plasmolysis works an ________ was put in a hypotonic and hypertonic solution.
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Elodea
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___________ is the random movement of molecules and atoms resulting from their own kinetic energy.
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Molecular activity
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__________ is when comparing 2 solutions, it is the solution that has the lower concentration of solute particles.
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Hypotonic
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__________ is when comparing 2 solutions, it is the solution that has the higher concentration of solute particles.
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Hypertonic
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___________ is the tendency of water to move across a selectively permeable membrane.
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Osmotic potential
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___________ is the pressure that the fluid contents of a plant cell exerts against the inside of the cell wall.
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Turgor pressure
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__________ is the solute concentration.
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Osmolarity
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In Lab 5, the enzyme used is _________________.
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catechol oxidase
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In Lab 5 ____________ was used to see if it could replace catechol.
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hydroquinone
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In Lab 6 if bromthymol blue is __________ no CO2 is present, if it is ___________ some CO2 is present, if it is ___________ much CO2 is present.
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blue, green, yellow
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In Lab 7 to see the separation of plant pigments ___________ was used.
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pet ether
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In Lab 7 pigments willmigrate at different distances up the chromatography paper based on their ______________ and _______________.
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solubility on the solvent and how much a particular pigment tends to absorb to the paper.
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In Lab 7 which pigment was most soluble in pet ether?
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carotene
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In Lab 7 which pigment absorbed the paper?
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chrolophyll a
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A ____________ is an instrument with a prism that can break white light into its spectrum colors.
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spectroscope
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In Lab 7 why do you not see all the colors?
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Because the filter shows colors that are reflected back and the colors senn on the spectrum are the reject colors.
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How is photolysis important?
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O2 is produced from water and water now gives the leftover electrons to chlorophyll a to replace those that were lost.
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In Lab 7 the ___________ provides a source of CO2 for the plant.
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sodium bicarbonate
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In Lab 7 to show the storage of starch in leaves __________ was used.
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Coleus
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Where is the starch stored in a leaf?
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Near the chlorphyll/chlorplasts where sugar is made.
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In Lab 3, ________ was the blue grren algae/cyanobacteria used.
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Anabena
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Aerobic respiration uses oxygen and produces ______ ATPS while anaerobic respiration does not use osygen and produces ____ ATPS.
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38, 2
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In Lab 6, why did the temperature change in the thermos containing beans?
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Because ATP is a byproduct of heat.
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In Lab 3, ________ was the blue grren algae/cyanobacteria used.
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Anabena
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Aerobic respiration uses oxygen and produces ______ ATPS while anaerobic respiration does not use osygen and produces ____ ATPS.
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38, 2
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In Lab 6, why did the temperature change in the thermos containing beans?
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Because ATP is a byproduct of heat.
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In Lab 8, we studied mitosis in plant cells by looking at ____________. Most of the cells we looked at were in interphase.
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an onion root tip
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In Lab 8, we learned that a ____________ is a cell that has condensed DNA that s visible as chromosomes.
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mitotic cell
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In Lab 8, how did we prepare and stain the onion cells for the study of mitosis?
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We removed an entire root by snapping it off near the onion. Then we obtained a clean slide and cut off 2 mm of the root tip onto the slide. Then we covered the root tip with 3 drops of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and then we warmed it for 3 minutes over the alcohol lamp. Then we removed slide from flame and let it cool and then we covered the root tip with 0.5% aqueous toluidine blue. Repeat this again but warm it for 5 minutes and then after that locate mitotic cells.
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In Lab 8, what structure did the toluidine blue stain?
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It stains the nucleus; chromosomes in particular.
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In Lab 8, what segment of the root is not suitable or preparing a specimen of mitotic cells?
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the main part of the root
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In Lab 8, to see mitosis in animal cells we used a _______________.
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whitefish embryo; was used b/c embryos undergo vey rapid growth by repeated mitotic divisions.
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In Lab 8, we discovered that animal cells and plant cells differ in 2 ways with respect to mitosis. What are they?
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Animal cells have centrioles but do not have a cell plate like plants
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In Lab 9, we learned that meiosis is sometimes called _______________.
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reduction division
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In Lab 9, when we simulated meosis I and II by using chromosome models (beads) what were the colors represented for the motehr and father?
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red=father
yellow=mother |
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In Lab 9, we learned that a homologous pair is a ___________.
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synapsis
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In Lab 9, we learned that in crossing over the areas that interwine and break are called __________.
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chiasmata
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In Lab 9, we studied meiosis and fertilization by looking at a ____________ which has a high reproductive rate.
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nematode (ascaris lumbricodes)
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In Lab 9, when we studied meoisis and fertilization we looked at 3 slides. What were they called?
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sperm entrance, maturation, and pronuclei stage.
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In Lab 10, we studied the monohybrid cross by using _________________.
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tobacco seedlings
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In Lab 10, we studied the dihybrid cross by using _________.
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corn
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In Lab 10, when we played the AU Critter game the body shape and leg lenght are inherited by ___________ and eye number is inherited by ___________.
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complete, incomplete
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In Lab 11, we learned that _________________ is a technique that separates proteins based on their size, isoelectric pont, and electrical charge.
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gel electrophoresis of proteins
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In Lab 11, the gel that is used is called ___________.
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agarose
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In Lab 11, we learnd that a ___________ is a protein that carries oxygen in the bloodstream.
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hemoglobin
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In Lab 11, what did we learn was the difference between a normal hemoglobin and a sickle cell hemoglobin?
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A normal hemoglobin has the amino acid glutamic acid but sickle cell hemoglobin has valine. Thus there is a change in the primary structure of the protein (one amino acid substiitution).
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In Lab 11, to see DNA we used a _____________.
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strawberry
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In Lab 12, we used _______, _______, and _______ beads to determine natural selection and the bottleneck effect.
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red, white, and pink
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