Biology Ii Lesson 14 & 15

Front 1

How does the general wiring of the nervous system differ between protostomes anddeuterostomes in terms of anatomical location of the major nerve fibers?

Back 1

Deuterostomes have a dorsal nerve cord while protostomes have a ventral nerve cord.

Front 2

In the central nervous system support cells that form the myelin sheath are called what?

Back 2

oligodendrocytes

Front 3

In the peripheral nervous system cells that form the myelin sheath are called what?

Back 3

Schwann cells

Front 4

What are the three parts of a typical neuron?

Back 4

1. cell body

2. dendrite

3. axon

Front 5

The concentration of what ions are high outside the cell and low in?

Back 5

sodium

Front 6

The concentration of what ions are high inside the cell and low outside the cell?

Back 6

potassium

Front 7

What cation gradients are essential for membrane depolarization?

Back 7

sodium and potassium ions

Front 8

During a ligand-gated membrane depolarization/repolarization event, what is the orderof cation specific ion channel opening and closing?

Back 8

Ligand binding causes the channel to open which allows sodium ions to move intothe cell and down the energy gradient. This results in depolarization of the cell. Apositive membrane voltage closes the sodium channel and open the potassiumion channel.

Front 9

What type of gated channel allows for the ligand-gated channel activated depolarization/repolarization event to be spread along the membrane?

Back 9

voltage-gated

Front 10

If you wanted a very rapid rate of action potential transfer from one cell to anotherwhich type of transmission would you use: transmission through a gap junction orthrough a chemical synapse?

Back 10

Gap junction.

Front 11

What atom is found in most neurotransmitter chemicals?

Back 11

Nitrogen

Front 12

Biologically justify this derogatory statement: “You idiot! Why don’t you use that greymatter in your head to think once in a while?”

Back 12

The gray matter in your brain is the part that contains all of your nerve cellbodies and support cells which assist you in being able to think and function

Front 13

Of the somatosensory neurons in your cerebrum, most are dedicated to sensory andmotor integration and control of what body structure?

Back 13

hands

Front 14

Which structure of the brain is mostly involved in homeostasis through control ofhormone secretion and control of your 24h biological clock?

Back 14

Hypothalamus.

Front 15

If you were smacked very hard on the back, lower side of your head, such that somegrey matter was damaged, what clinical symptom might you observe?

Back 15

You may be off balance

Front 16

In vertebrates, are ganglia found in the central nervous system or the peripheralnervous system?

Back 16

Peripheral nervous system.

Front 17

What are the three subdivisions of the autonomic system in the peripheral nervoussystem and a physiological function of each?

Back 17

1. Parasympathetic – functions in your ability to rest and digest

2. Sympathetic – functions in your fight or flight reflexes

3. Enteric – integration along the digestive tract

Front 18

Name a sensory receptor that uses a transmembrane receptor to detect a chemical inthe environment?

Back 18

Olfaction

Front 19

Name a sensory receptor that uses mechanical/structural changes in the membrane tosense a physical feature found in the environment?

Back 19

Skin mechanosensation.

Front 20

What is the biological explanation for the blind spot in human eyes?

Back 20

Your optic nerve has to enter your eye somewhere and where it enters creates ablind spot.

Front 21

In relation to eye position in the head, name a craniate that has good peripheralvision/poor binocular vision and one that has poor peripheral vision/good binocularvision. For each of these animals, relate their eye position to a survival advantage.

Back 21

1. Horses have good peripheral vision, but poor binocular vision. This benefitsthem because they are prey animals and having good peripheral vision allowsthem to better visualize potential predators.

2. Owls have good binocular vision, but poor peripheral vision. This benefitsthem because they are hunters and having good binocular vision allows themto better visualize prey