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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
How many chromosomes in are in each human body cell?
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23 pairs of 46
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What is the scientific study of heredity?
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genetics
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Name 2 gametes.
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sperm and egg cells
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How many autosomes are in the human body cell?
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All the chromosomes except sex chromosomes (44)
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What has the greatest influence over traits besides genetice?
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environment
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recessive
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gene that gets masked
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gene
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a factor for a trait
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allele
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a factor for a trait
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genotype
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symbols for genes (TT)
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phenotype
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physical appearance
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homozygous
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TT or tt
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heterozygous
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Tt
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probability
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liklihood of an event
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punnett square
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instrument for solving genetic problems 4, 16 or 64
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monohybrid cross
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cross involving one trait
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dihybrid cross
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cross involving 2 traits
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test cross
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cross to determine unknown genotype
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incomplete dominance
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neither gene dominates
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codominance
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both genes dominate
AB blood type or sickle cell anemia |
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polygenic trait
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trait controlled by three or more genes.
hair, eye, or skin color |
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multiple alleles
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blood types A,B, and O
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gametes
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sex cells
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meiosis
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division of sex cells
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autosomes
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chromosome numbers 1-22
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sex chromosomes
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23rd pair
XX - female XY- male |
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nondisjunction
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failure of chromosomes to seperate properly
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Turner's syndrome
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XO a sterile female
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Klinefelter's
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XXY sterile male, cannot reproduce
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Down Syndrome
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extra 21st chromosome
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Symptoms of Down Syndrome
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slanted eyes
lower IQ stubby fingers and toes |
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polyploidy
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inject fruit and vegetables with an extra set of chromosomes
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sex-linked trait
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trait is linked to the X chromosome on the 23rd pair
ex. color blindness hemophelia muscular dystrophy |
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hemophelia
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blood won't clot
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amniosentesis
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test to determine genetic defects
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selective breeding
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humans breed purebreed dogs, cattle, and crops
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inbreeding
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breed two closely related things
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hybridization
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breed two distantly related things
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mutation
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mistake in the genetic code
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karyotype
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map of your chromosomes
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pedigree
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a family tree showing genetic history
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2 genetic experiments
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domestication of dogs
indians growing crops like potatos and corn |
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What did Aerostotle believe about genetics
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1. blending hypothesis
2. genes were transfered through the bloodstream |
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Life of Gregor Mendel
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father of genetics
famous work was between the 1860's to 1880's monk |
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Why wasn't Mendel famous?
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Nobody understood his math until later
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Why did Mendel choose pea plants
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1. short growing time
2. 7 distinct traits |
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P
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is the original parent
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F1
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offspring of P
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F2
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offspring of F1
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Mendel's Laws
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1. dominance
2. segregation 3. independent assortment |
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genotype ratio
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symbols
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phenotype ratio
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physical description
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diploid
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full set of chromosomes
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haploid
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half set of chromosomes which are gametes
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Huntington's disease
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caused by a dominant gene Hh or HH and you have it
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Tay-Sach's disease
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recessive in the Jewish gene pool, it is fatal
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MD
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sex-linked
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hemophelia
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sex-linked
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Seckle cell anemia
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abnormally shaped blood cells
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Downs syndroms
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extra 21st chromosome
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chromosome disorder
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Down's , Turners, Klinefelter's syndrome
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cystic fibrosis
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body suffocates from mucas
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PKU
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baby can't break down mothers milk
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4 blood types
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AA or AO
BB or BO AB OO |
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monosomy
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one to few chromosomes
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trisomy
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extra chromosome
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inbreeding
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breed two similar things
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outbreeding or hybridization
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breed two dissimilar things
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karyotype
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chromosome map
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pedigree
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family tree
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