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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which 2 scientist discovered the double helix structure of DNA?
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Watson and Crick
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DNA stands for
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Deoxyribonucleic acid
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Each nucleotide has...
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A phosphate, a 5 carbon sugar and one of the 4 bases
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The Purine bases are
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Adenine and Guanine
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The Pyrimidine bases are
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Thymine and Cytosine
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What kind of bons link the bases?
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Hydrogen bonds
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What does the genetic code consist of?
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3 DNA or RNA bases in sequence which codes fot he production of a particular amino acid
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What is DNA replication?
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Replication is the formation of an exact copy
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Stages in DNA replication - ONE -
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The double helix unzips
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Stages in DNA replication - TWO
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Enzymes break down the hydrogen bonds
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Stages in DNA replication - THREE
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The complimentary strands now move apart
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Stages in DNA replication - FOUR
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Free nucleotides move in and attach to exposed strands
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Stages in DNA replication - FIVE
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The DNA recoils
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What is DNA profiling?
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A DNA profile is a unique pattern of bands from a person's DNA that is used for comparison
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What is DNA profiling used in?
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Paternity tests and crime investigation
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DNA profiling - ONE
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An uncontaminated sample is obtained
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DNA profiling - TWO
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The cells are broken down and the DNA released
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DNA profiling - THREE
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Restriction enzymes cut DNA at specific base sequences
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DNA profiling - FOUR
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The fragments are seperated according to length
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DNA profiling - FIVE
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The fragments are palced in a gel and an electric current is passd through
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DNA profiling - SIX
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A photograph is obtained and the fragments appear like a bar code
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What is genetic screening?
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Genetic screening means testing a person's DNA for the presence or absence of an abnormal or altered gene
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What is RNA?
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Ribonucleic acid
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What does RNA contain instead of the base Thymine?
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Uracil
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Is RNA single or double stranded?
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Single stranded
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Where is RNA found?
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The cytoplasm and the nucleus
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What are the three types of RNA?
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tRNA - Transfer RNA
mRNA - Messenger RNA rRNA - Ribosomal RNA |
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What are the 2 main steps in protein synthesis?
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Transcrption and translation
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What is the role of mRNA?
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mRNA carries a copy of the DNA instructions fromt he nucleus to the ribosomes and carries a start and stop code.
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What is the role of tRNA?
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tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosomes
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What is the role of rRNA?
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rRNA helps mRNA bind to the ribsome
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Where does translation take place?
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The ribosome
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