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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is genetics?
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It is the study of how traits are passed on from one generation to the next
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What is the basic unit of heredity?
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The gene
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What are genes?
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They are composed of DNA and are located on chromosomes
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What are the alternative forms of genes called when they exist in more than one form?
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Alleles
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What is the genotype?
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It is the genetic makeup of an individual
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Phenotype
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The characteristics of an individual
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What did Gregor Mendel do in the 1860s?
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He developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea
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What did Mendel study?
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He studied the inheritance of individual pea traits by performing genetic crosses
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Homozygous
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A person that carries two copies of the same allele at a give locus.
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What is the expressed allele called?
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It is the dominant allele
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What is the silent allele?
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It is recessive
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What are diploid species?
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They have chromosomes pairs called homologues
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What is incomplete dominance?
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It is when some progeny phenotypes are a blend of the parental phenotypes
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What is codominance?
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It occurs when multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant
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What is an example of codominance?
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It deals with multiple alleles in the inheritance of ABO blood groups in humans
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What is Mutation?
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A permanent heritable change, in the DNA sequence.
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Will the recessive phenotype be more or less frequently found in males?
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It will be more frequent
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What are examples of sex-linked recessives?
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The genes for hemophilia and for color-blindness
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What is nondisjunction?
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It is either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I, or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II
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What is a Barr body? Tell what types of cells and in which gender.
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An inactive X chromosome that occurs in the somatic cells and happens mostly in females.
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What is the difference between incomplete dominance and codominance?
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In incomplete dominance, you have a blend of cells; while in codominance you have have both alleles shown seperately.
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What are polar cells?
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They are daughter cells that have little cytoplasm; they eventually disintegrate.
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What are the 2 types of general mutations? What's the difference?
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Frameshift mutations and Point mutations.
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What is a polyploid?
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A condition in which a diploid cell acquires 1 or more additional sets of chromosomes
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