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27 Cards in this Set
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heredity |
passing on of characteristics from parents to offspring (Mendel's Laws of Heredity)
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10.1 Mendel's Laws of Heredity
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genetics
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branch of biology that studies heredity (Mendel's Laws of Heredity)
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10.1 Mendel's Laws of Heredity
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trait
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characteristic that is inherited; can be either dominant or recessive (Mendel's Laws of Heredity)
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10.1 Mendel's Laws of Heredity
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gamete
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male and female sex cells; sperm and eggs (Mendel's Laws of Heredity)
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10.1 Mendel's Laws of Heredity
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pollination
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transfer of male pollen grains to the pistil of a flower. (Mendel's Laws of Heredity)
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10.1 Mendel's Laws of Heredity
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fertilization
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fusion of maile and female gametes (Mendel's Laws of Heredity)
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10.1 Mendel's Laws of Heredity
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hybrid
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offspring formed by parents having different forms of a trait. (Mendel's Laws of Heredity)
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10.1 Mendel's Laws of Heredity
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allele
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alternative forms of a gene for each variation of a trait of an organism. (Mendel's Laws of Heredity)
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10.1 Mendel's Laws of Heredity
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dominant
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observed trait of an organism that masks the recessive form of a trait. (Mendel's Laws of Heredity)
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10.1 Mendel's Laws of Heredity
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recessive
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trait of an organism that can be masked by the dominant form of a trait. (Mendel's Laws of Heredity)
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10.1 Mendel's Laws of Heredity
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law of segregation
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Mendelian principle explaining that because each plant has two different alleles, it can produce two different types of gametes. During fertilization, male and femal gametes randomly pairt ot produce four combinations of alleles. (Mendel's Laws of Heredity)
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10.1 Mendel's Laws of Heredity
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phenotype
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outward appearance of an organism, regardless of its genes. (Mendel's Laws of Heredity)
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10.1 Mendel's Laws of Heredity
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genotype
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combination of genes in an organism (Mendel's Laws of Heredity)
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10.1 Mendel's Laws of Heredity
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homozygous (hoh muh ZI gus)
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when there are two identical alleles for a trait. (Mendel's Laws of Heredity)
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10.1 Mendel's Laws of Heredity
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heterozygous (het uh roh ZI gus)
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when there are two different alleles for a trait. (Mendel's Laws of Heredity)
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10.1 Mendel's Laws of Heredity
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law of independent assortment
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Mendelian principle stating that genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other(Mendel's Laws of Heredity)
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10.1 Mendel's Laws of Heredity
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diploid
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cell with two of each kind of chromosome; is said to contain a diploid, or 2n, number of chromosomes
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10.2 Meiosis
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haploid
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cell with one of each kind of chromosome; is said to contain a haploid or n, number of chromosomes (10.2 Meiosis)
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10.2 Meiosis
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homologous chromosome
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paired chromosomes with genes for the same traits arranged in the same order (10.2 Meiosis)
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10.2 Meiosis
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meiosis
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type of cell division where one body cell produces four gametes, each contaiing half the number of chromosomes as aparent's body cell (10.2 Meiosis)
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10.2 Meiosis
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sperm
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haploid male sex cells produced by meiosis (10.2 Meiosis)
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10.2 Meiosis
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egg
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haploid female sex cell produced by meiosis (10.2 Meiosis)
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10.2 Meiosis
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zygote
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diploid cell formed when a sperm fertilized an egg. (10.2 Meiosis)
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10.2 Meiosis
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sexual reproduction
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pattern of reproduction that involves the production and subsequent fusion of haploid sex cells. (10.2 Meiosis)
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10.2 Meiosis
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crossing over
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exhcnage of genetic material between nonsister chromatids from homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis; results in new allele combinations (10.2 Meiosis)
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10.2 Meiosis
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genetic recombination
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major source of genetic variation amoung organism caused by reassortment or crossing over during meiosis. (10.2 Meiosis)
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10.2 Meiosis
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nondisjunction
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failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis; results in gametes wiht too many or too few chromosomes. (10.2 Meiosis)
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10.2 Meiosis
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