Biology Final Exam Review

Front 1

The Smallest Working units of Living things are

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Cells

Front 2

Organisms that have cells without Nuclei are called

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Prokaryotes

Front 3

What could produce an image of individual atoms

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Scanning Probe Microscope

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A lipid Bilayer forms the core of the

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Cell Membrane

Front 5

Which structure is found in the cells of plants but not in animals?

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Cell Wall

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The Nucleus Stores almost all of a cell's

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DNA

Front 7

Which Organelle harvests energy from sunlight?

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Chloroplast

Front 8

The principal role of the Endoplasmic Reticulum and the Golgi apparatus is to

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Package Proteins

Front 9

According to the endosymbiont hypothesis, early ancestors of mitochondria were

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Free living organisms

Front 10

The Cells main energy-storing compound is

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ATP

Front 11

Pyruvic acid is a product of

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Glycolysis

Front 12

During Vigorous activity large body muscles produce

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lactic acid

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During respiration the final acceptor of electrons in the electron transport chain is

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water

Front 14

Carbon is released from the Krebs cycle in the form of

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Carbon Dioxide

Front 15

The pigment in green plants, where photosynthesis thakes place, is

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Chlorophyll

Front 16

The Calvin Cycle is part of

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The light-independent reactions

Front 17

The movement of hydrogen ions across a membrane to generate energy to form ATP is called

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Chemiosmosis

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When a cell doubles its diameter, its internal volume increases by

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8

Front 19

G1, G2, and S are often called

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Interphase

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Chromosomes first appear in the longest phase of mitosis, called

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Prophase

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Chromosomes line up accros the middle of the cell during

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Metaphase

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Each chromosome contains two strands, called

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Chromatids

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Duplicated chromosomes seperate from each other during

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Telophase

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The cytoplasm divides during

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Cytokinesis

Front 25

What regulates the timing of the cell cycle

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Cyclin

Front 26

A group of tissues that work together from an

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organ

Front 27

Who was the first person to study heredity scientifically

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Gregor Mendel

Front 28

Crossing different true-breeding stocks produces offspring called

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Hybrids

Front 29

The different forms of a gene are called

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Alleles

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Which represents a heterozygous genotype

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Tt

Front 31

Gametes are described as

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Haploid cells

Front 32

During Meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair together to form structures called

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Tetrads

Front 33

What are the end products of meiosis

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4 Haploid Cells

Front 34

Crossing-over is the exchange of genetic information between

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Homologous chromosomes

Front 35

The Red,Pink, and White colors of snapdragons are controlled by a gene that shows

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Codominance

Front 36

How many chromosomes do human cells have

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46

Front 37

An example of a multiple allele is

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The ABO blood group

Front 38

A genetic disorder in which the blood does not clot properly is

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Hemophilia

Front 39

People who are resistant to malaria often are heterzygous for which genetic disorder

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Sickle Cell Anemia

Front 40

When cells contain three copies of a chromosome, it is called a

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Trisomy

Front 41

Down Syndrome results from an

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Extra Chromosome

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A Barr body is a

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turned-off X chromosome

Front 43

What did Griffith name the process that changed rough bacteria to smooth bacteria

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Transformation

Front 44

Hershey and Chase showed that the genetic material of a bacteriophage is

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DNA

Front 45

According to Chargaff's rules, the amount of Adenine in DNA equals the amount of

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Thymine

Front 46

In The Watson-Crick model of DNA, the two strands of the double helix are united by hydrogen bonds between

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Nitrogenous Bases

Front 47

Which molecules are found in chromosomes

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DNA and Protein

Front 48

RNA polymerase is the enzyme that carries out

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Transcription

Front 49

In Translation, amino acids bond to molecules of

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rRNA

Front 50

The lac repressor falls off the operator in the presence of

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Lactose

Front 51

The portions of mRNA that are removed and discarded are called

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Introns

Front 52

The collection of facts, observations, and hypoteses about the history of life is called

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Evolutionary theory

Front 53

Charles Darwin was unaware of the works of

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Lyell

Front 54

Which of the following puzzled Darwin the least

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Similarities among Organisms

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During Darwin's time, many people believed that the

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Earth and its organisms did not change

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Vestigial structures in organisms

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Serve little or no apparent function

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Farmers improve domestic plants and animals by

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Selective Breeding

Front 58

Darwin Proposed that natural selection occurs because of

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Natural Variation, The struggle for existence, and Survival of the fittest

Front 59

The principle that states that all living things share common ancestors is called

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Common descent

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Which is the source of inheritable variation in organisms

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Gene Shuffling

Front 61

A normal distribution of phenotype is observed for traits controlled by

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Many Genes

Front 62

In genetic terms, evolution is

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a change in the relative frequencies of alleles in the gene pool of the species

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A helpful mutation causes the corresponding allele's frequency

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Increase

Front 64

Natural Selection acting on a normal distribution of phenotypes in which the fittest individuals correspond to the center of the graph is called

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Stabilizing selction

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A Random change of the frequency of an allele in a gene pool is called

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Genetic Drift

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Speciation in nature usually occurs because

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Populations become seperated by a geographical barrier

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Two Populations that occupy the same habitat but do not share a gene pool

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Reproductive isolation

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A new species or a species in a new area giving rise to many species, sometimes in a relatively short period of time, is called

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Adaptive radiation

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Analogous structures are a sign of

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Convergent Evolution

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The More closely related two organisms are, the

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Greater the similarity in their genes

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Structures that are similar in appearance and function but differ anatomically are said to be

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Analogous

Front 72

What is not a level of biodiversity

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Habitat Diversity

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Species Diversity refers to the variety of

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living organisms on earth

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Genetic Diversity refers to

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The Variety of alleles in the species

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Changes in DNA can mark time because

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Mutations occur at fairly constant rates

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The Earth's first atmosphere did not contain

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Oxygen

Front 77

Which is the most helpful element for determining the age of a 10,000 year old fossil

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Carbon-14

Front 78

The system of taxonomy used today was developed by

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Linneaus

Front 79

Related Phyla are grouped into a

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Kingdom

Front 80

The first organisms on Earth were thought to be

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Prokaryotes

Front 81

All bacteria reproduce by

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Binary fission

Front 82

A Virus contains a core of

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DNA and RNA

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Viruses can reproduce by

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The Lytic Cycle

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Robby is a

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n00b

Front 85

Who is the most attractive person on the face of the Earth

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Daine