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23 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Virus
Package of nucleic acid wrapped in a protein coat
Bacteriophage
Virus that infects bacteria
Deoxribonucleic Acid (DNA)
molecule that stores genetic information
Nucleotides
Units that make up DNA
Pyrimidines
Nitrogenous bases with single rings
Purines
Nitrogenous bases with double rings
Double Helix
DNA molecule with a twisting shape, two strands of DNA twist together with the sugar-phosphate backbone on the outside and nitrogenous bases on the inside
DNA Replications
process of copying the DNA molecule
DNA Polymerases
Enzymes that form the bonds between the nucleotides of the new DNA strand
One gene-one enzyme hypothesis
Each gene controls the production of a specific enzyme
Transcription
DNA sequence converted to the form of a single-stranded RNA molecule
Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
Nucleic acid with the sugar ribose rahter than deoxyribose
Translation
converts nucleic acid seguence into a sequence of amino acids
Codon
Three-base sequence, codes for amino acid
Messenger RNA
Transcribed from the DNA molecule
RNA Polymerase
Joins the RNA nucleotides together during transcription
Introns
The sections of the mRNA
RNA Splicing
Process of removing the introns and joins the coding regions, which are called exons
Transfer RNA
Molecule with an amino acid binding site one end and a three-base anticodon at the other end
Anticodon
Sequence that is complementary to a codon in the mRNA
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Amino acid being added to the polypeptide and takes place on a ribosome, which is made of rRNA
Mutation
A change in the nucleotide sequence
Mutagen
A physical or chemical agent that causes a mutation