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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Enzyme function is dependent on its?
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shape
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What actually occurs on the ribosome?
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Assembly of proteins
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Which class of biological molecule enables or is responsible for most functions in biological organisms?
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Protein
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Protein is synthesised at the ribosome. What is the ultimate origin of the amino acid?
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The diet
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How does the heart get it's supply of oxygen?
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From coronary artery
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Transcription occurs in the _______ while translation occurs in the _______.
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nucleus and cytoplasm
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What sort of boundary surrounds cell organelles?
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Phospholipid bilayer
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The part of an experiment that a "variable" can be compared to is referred to as?
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Control
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Science is based on the philosophy that
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Nature is explicable as the operation of natural processes and laws
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The monomer unit of protein is?
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an amino acid
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Which two organelles are believed to be remnants of unicellular bacteria now living symbiotically within eukaryotic cells?
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Mitochondria & Chloroplast
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What is the role for NADP or NADPH
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Storage of high energy electrons
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The second law of thermodynamics states that reactions spontaneously go from high order & high energy to low order & low energy. Given this, how is the phenomenon of life even possible?
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Conservation of mass and energy allows high order processes to occur
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Blood is brought to tissues and organs by _____ and returned to the heart by_____?
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Arteries ; veins
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What did Mendel's experiments prove?
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Physical traits are passed from generation to generation in discrete units
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The organelle where glucose is converted into energy is called?
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Mitochondrion
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During which metabolic process does carbon enter the biological or living world
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light dependent reaction
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What feature is found in eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotic cells
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Cell nucleus
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In general what is the purpose of the light dependent reaction?
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to construct energy storage molecules for use in the light independent reaction
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What does the systematic circulatory system do?
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Pumps blood to muscles and organs
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When the body maintains a constant internal environment (pH, temp, water balance), this is referred to as
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Homeostasis
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Which statement about cholesterol is true
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Cholesterol is an important component of biological membranes in animals
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What is the monomer unit that makes up cellulose
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glucose
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What is the role of mRNA
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It carries information from DNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
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Inflammation is an example of?
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non-specific immunity
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How is information from all senses transmitted to the brain?
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through action potentials
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What are the two main types of hormone
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Amino acids and lipids (steroids)
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Which is true regarding the transmission of a neuronal signal?
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The more intense the sensation, the more intense the action potential
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Which of the following helps explain why endurance athletes perform better than sedentary people?
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They have more and bigger mitochondria than sedentary people
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You train and compete in the 100 meter dash. What sort of muscle are you primarily using?
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Fast twitch
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A(n) ________ is a substance that can initiate an immune response
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T-cell
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Which response does not involve the participation of the brain
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Reflexes
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What occurs in the synaptic cleft
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Release of neurotransmitters
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What provides the energy for the "power stroke" in muscle contraction?
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ATP
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Which immune response results in the production of "memory cells"?
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B-Cell immunity
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Sensory neurons_____ while motor neurons______
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Sense stimuli; respond to stimuli
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Which immune system cells produce antibodies?
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B cells
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What structure for the most part controls hormonal action?
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The pituitary gland
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When a muscle cell contracts
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both actin and myosin shorten in length
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Which is the "thin filament" in a muscle cell?
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Actin
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What is (in a sense) unusual about muscle cells?
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they have many nuclei
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What best describes what hormones are?
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molecules targeted to specific cells produced by endocrine glands
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Which type of immune response involves a "killer" or cytotoxic cells?
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T-cell immunity
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A vaccine initiates what sort of immune response?
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Passively acquired immunity
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Bone is a structural organ. What other important role does it have?
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serves as a calcium storage organ
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Why is calcium needed for muscle contraction?
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It allows myosin to attach to actin
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What molecule attaches to the myosin head group that then initiates muscles contractions
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ATP
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What is an action potential
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Transmission of a neuronal signal
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"sensation" refers to______; "Perception refers to_______
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Action potential; interpretation in brain
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Generally speaking hormones work to...
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maintain homeostasis
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Which part of the brain is responsible for reasoning, assembling sensory input, language, art, math, etc?
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cerebral cortex
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How might a high intake of phosphorus (from soft drinks, for example) influence bone health
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High levels of phosphorus (in the blood) stimulates the bone to release calcium
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What enables a biological membrane to have a "fluid" nature
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Double bonds result in bent or kinked fatty acid chains
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Peristalsis refers to
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wave-like contractions of muscles in the intestine
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What does it mean if a molecule is "hydrophilic"
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it will interact with water
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The double stranded DNA molecule is held together by
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hydrogen bonds
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To a scientist, the discussion of "theory" is pretty much synonymous with
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an argument between two equally plausible ideas
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Which of the following would be of concern with the production of herbicide-resistant crops
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can lead to increased use of herbicides and the evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds
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Because the genetic code is universal to all organisms, this means that
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all organisms make the exact same proteins
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What does the "tertiary" structure of a protein refer to?
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the way it folds up into a final shape
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What occurs during the process of transcription?
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messenger RNA is made
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To make glucose (in photosynthesis), which two low- energy molecules are combined during photosynthesis
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Carbon dioxide & water
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What does it mean to be "homozygous" for a trait
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alleles for a trait are identicle
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How many sets of homologous chromosomes does a female human have?
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23
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What best describes the chemical nature of a phospholipid
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is hydrophobic on one end; hydrophilic on the other end
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What is saturated fat?
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one that has no double bonds
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What units are bonded together to make a strand of DNA?
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nucleotides
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The oxygen-carrying protein in a red blood cell is
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hemoglobin
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"Semi-Conservative" replication of DNA means that...
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daughter molecules of DNA are composed of one new and one old
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Why is is necessary for animals to breathe?
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to provide oxygen for complete breakdown of glucose for energy
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The result of meiosis is
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haploid gametes
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which process must occur during the sequence of digestion?
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Breakdown of polymers to monomers
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What is the original source (the "source molecule") for the carbon found in glucose?
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carbon dioxide
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Glycolysis occurs in the ______ and respiration occurs in the ______
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cytoplasm; mitochondria
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The kind of reaction that releases energy is called a ________ reaction
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exergonic
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