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89 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what are four criteria for life?
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sense of change and response to the change, contains DNA, extracts energy from their surroundings and covert it for use, and reproduces
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define autotroph
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able to make their own food
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define heterotroph
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depends on other organisms for their food
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define producers
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produces their own food
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define consumers
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breaks down dead remains of other organisms
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define hypothesis
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an educated guess that attempts to explain an observation
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define theory
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a hypothesis that has been tested with a significant amount of data
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define scientific law
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theory that has been tested by and is accurate with generations of data
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name the classification groups in our hierarchical classification scheme, in correct order
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(KING PHILLIP COMES OVER FOR GOOD SPAGHETTI)
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species |
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whats the difference between aerobic and anaerobic processes
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aerobic uses oxygen, anaerobic does not
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what do most bacteria use for locomotion
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flagella
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what is the main mode of reproduction in bacteria
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asexual
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what does a plasmid do
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passes a trait from one bacteria from another by a small strand of DNA during conjugation
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even though conjugation among bacteria does not result in offspring, it can significantly affect the population of bacterial growth. why
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if the trait is passed in conjugation it allows bacteria to survive when they usually wouldnt, it will increase the population of bacteria
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what are technical names of the three common bacterial shapes
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bacillus, coccus, spirillum
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what is the function of a contractile vacuole
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it collects excess water in a cell and expels it to reduce the pressure inside the cell
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define pathogen
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an organism that causes disease
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what are the pathogens from kingdom protista
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entamoeba histolytica, balantidium coli, trypanosoma, toxoplasma, plasmodium.
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define mutualism,
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a relationship between two or more organisms of different species where all benefit from the association
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define symbiosis
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a close relationship between two or more species where at least one benefits
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define parasitism
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a relationship between two organisms of different species where one benefits and the other and the other is harmed
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what are the greatest producers of oxygen in creation and to what phylum do they belong
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diatoms, chrysophyta
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fungi have four different specialized hyphae, what are they and what are their functions
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1) stolon (asexual reproduction)
2) sporophore (releases spores for reproduction) 3) haustorium (invades the cells of a living host to absorb foor directly) 4) rhizoid hyphae (supports the fungus and digests food |
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define lichen
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a mutualistic relationship between an alga and a fungus where one organism produces food for both and the other provides support and protection
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which phylum is composed of algae that contain chloroplasts and what are these algae called
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chlorophyta. and they are called green algae
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how do you turn a gas to liquid
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remove energy
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what determines the cast majority of characteristics in an atom
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the number of electrons it has
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how do the number of electrons and the number of of protons compare in an atom
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they are equal in number
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define and understand osmosis
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the tendency of a solvent to travel across a semipermeable membrane into areas of higher solute concentration
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how many total atoms are in the molecule C(v)6H(v)12O(v)6
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look a the subscript!
it has 6 carbon atoms, 12 hydrogen atoms, and 6 oxygen atoms, for a total of 24 atoms |
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what does the pH scale measure and what does the scale indicate
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measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. pH7 is neutral. lower than 7 is acid and higher than 7 is alkaline
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what are the basic building blocks of proteins
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amino acids
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how does DNA store information
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as a sequence of nucleotide bases
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what are the four stages of cellular respiration, and which one doesnt require oxygen
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the electron transport system
the formation of acetyl coenzyme A the Krebs cycle and glycolysis (which doesnt need oxygen) |
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what are the four stages of mitosis, in the correct order
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prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase
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how does the haploid number of a cell relate to the diploid number
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the haploid number is half the diploid number
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what are the stages of meiosis
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prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I, prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II, telophase II
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what are the differences between a gamete and a normal cell
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a gamete is a haploid and a normal cell is a diploid. a gamete has only one chromosome from each homologous pair, and a normal cell has both members of each homologous pair
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is a virus alive, why or why not
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no. a virus cannot reproduce on it own
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define and understand phenotype
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the observable expression of an organisms genes
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define and understand homozygous genotype
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genotype in which both alleles are identical
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define and understand heterozygous genotype
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genotype with two different alleles
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two individuals have the same genotype for a certain traut but they are not identical when it comes to that trait, how is this possible
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different environmental and spiritual factors can influence the expression of a trait
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define microevolution
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the theory that natural selection can, over time, take an organism and transform it into a more specialized species of that organism
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define macroevolution
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the hypothesis that microevolution can, in eons of time, transform an organism into a completely different kind of organism
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define immutability of the species
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the idea that each individual species on the planet was specially created by God and could never change. ide that was dispelled by darwin's research
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what change to the concept of macroevolution did neo-darwinism make
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it added the idea that mutation could be a means of adding information to the genetic code
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did darwin ever recant his scientific beliefs
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newp
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what is the principle means by which oxygen is taken from the air
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respiration is the main one
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what is the principle means by which oxygen is restored in the air
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photosynthesis and phytoplankton are the main sources of oxygen regeneration
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the vast majority of animals are in the group called _____
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invertebrates
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is global warming occurring now
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no
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how do sponges get their prey
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by pumping water into themselves which brings in algae, bacteria and organic matter to be eaten
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if a jellyfish reproduces asexually, what form is it in
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medusa
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what will happen to an earthworm if its cuticle gets dry
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it will suffocate
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what are the characteristics of arthropods
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exoskeleton, body segmentation, jointed appendages, open circulatory system and a ventral nervous system
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what are the characteristics of a parasitic flatworm
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simple nervous and digestive systems, mechanisms that protect them from the digestive juices of their hosts, suckers or hooks to help them hold their position within the host
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what are the four characteristics that set insects apart
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three pairs of walking legs, wings, three segments in the body and one pair of antennae
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why do arthropods molt
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their exoskeletons get too small for their growing bodies
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why are some sponges hard and prickly while others are soft
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sponges that have spicules are hard and prickly while those with spongin are soft
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what happens when a crayfish loses a limb
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the injury gets sealed off to prevent bleeding and then a new limb regenerates
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why dont insects have respiratory systems
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they have a complex network of tracheas that allow air to travel throughout the body
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define nematocysts
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small capsules that contain a toxin which is injected into prey or predators
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define hermaphroditic
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possessing both male and female reproductive organs
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what is the function of the cerebrum
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the portion of the brain that integrates sensory information and coordinates the creatures response to that information
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what is the function of the medulla oblongata
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the portion of the brain that coordinates vital functions, and transport signals from the brain to the spinal cord
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what is the name of the cells that carry oxygen in the blood
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red blood cells
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which is more flexible, a boney skeleton or a cartilaginous skeleton
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cartilaginous
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what is the difference between internal and external fertilization
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internal the male places the sperm inside the female and the eggs are fertilized. external the female lays eggs and then the male fertilizes them
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define oviparous development
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development that occurs in an egg that is hatched outside the females body
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define viviparous development
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development that occurs inside the fe3male, allowing the offspring to gain nutrients and vital substances from the mother through a placenta
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define ovoviviparous development
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development that occurs in an egg that is hatched inside the females body
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what do fish use to feel vibrations in the water
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lateral line
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what is the difference between arteries and veins
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arteries carry blood away from the heart while veins carry blood to the heart
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what is meristematic tissue and where is it found
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contains undifferentiated cells that can develop into any tissue the plant needs. they are found in actively growing parts of the plant
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what type of leaf shapes are chordate, elliptical, deltoid, and linear
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chordate - heart shaped
deltoid - triangular elliptical - long but tapered at both ends linear - long and about the same width from top to bottom |
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what are the proper descriptive names for the entire, serrate, and dentate leaf margins
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entire - smooth
serrate - tiny sharp teeth dentate - pronounce teeth point outward |
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what are the proper name for the three patterns of venation
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parallel - veins run up and down the leaf parallel to the madrib
pinnate - veins all branch out from the madrib palmate - veins branch out from the madrib and then the branches have branches as well |
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define the function of an abscission layer
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a thin layer of tissue at the base of each petiole in a deciduous tree. as the daylight decreases in the fall, the cells in this layer begin to block the xylem and phloem running through the petiole of the leaf and begin to die. as they die the layer begins to crack and the cracks become so severe that the leaf falls off the tree
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what is the difference between monocots and dicots
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monocots have one cotyledon while dicots have two
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what is the male and female reproductive organ in a flower
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male organ is the stamen
female is the carpel |
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what are the differences between xylem and phloem
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xylem allows the transport of water and is made of dead cells, while phloem aids in the transport of organic material and must be composed of living cells
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what is the purpose of a cotyledon
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provides nutrients to the embryo in the seed
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what are the six characteristics that set birds apart from other vertebrates
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endothermic, heart with four chambers, toothless bill, oviparous, laying an egg which is covered in a lime-containing shell, covered with feathers and skeleton composed of porous, lightweight bones
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what are five characteristics that set mammals apart from other vertebrates
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hair covering the skin, reproduce with internal fertilization and usually viviparous, nourish their young with milk from a specialized gland, four chamered heart and endothermic
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what are five characteristics that set reptiles apart from other vertebrates
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covered with tough, dry scales, ectothermic, breathe with lungs throughout their lives, three chamered heart with a ventricle that is partially divided and produce eggs covered with a leathery shell
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what is a bird actually doing when it is preening
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it is oiling its feathers
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what is the purpose of underhair
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serves as insulation for a mammal
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which order contains lizards
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squamata
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