Biology Final Chapter 36

Front 1

all the organisms of the same species in a given area

Back 1

population

Front 2

study of how ad why populations change

Back 2

population ecology

Front 3

Population ecology's purpose is to develop sustainable _____ sources, assess the impact of _____ activities, and balance _____ needs with biodiversity and _____.

Back 3

food, human, human, resources

Front 4

Members of a population rely on the same _____, are influenced by the same _____ factors, and are likely to _____ and _____ with one another.

Back 4

resources, environmental, interact, breed

Front 5

the number of individuals per unit area or volume

Back 5

population densities

Front 6

There are many _____ that estimate population densities.

Back 6

sampling techniques

Front 7

_____ and _____ patterns are important population variables.

Back 7

density, dispersion

Front 8

Types of density and dispersion patterns:

Back 8

1. clumped
2. uniform
3. random

Front 9

density and dispersion patterns occur in patches - example?

Back 9

clumped, schools of fish

Front 10

density and dispersion patterns where they're evenly dispersed - example?

Back 10

uniform, penguins

Front 11

dispersal is unpredictable

Back 11

random dispersion

Front 12

Dispersal patters are important in determining where species can be _____ or can _____.

Back 12

found, survive

Front 13

What show the proportion of individuals alive at each age?

Back 13

survivorship curves

Front 14

produce few offspring but give them good care, increasing the likelihood that they will survive to maturity

Back 14

Type I survivorship curve

Front 15

Examples of organisms that exhibit Type I survivorship curves:

Back 15

humans and many other large mammals

Front 16

low survivorship for the very young, followed by a period when survivorship is high for those few individuals who live to a certain age; usually produce very large numbers of offspring but provide little or no care for them.

Back 16

Type III survivorship curve

Front 17

Examples of organisms that exhibit Type III survivorship curves:

Back 17

nile perch; many invertebrates, such as oysters

Front 18

intermediate with survivorship constant over the life span, individuals are no more vulnerable at one stage of the life cycle than another

Back 18

Type II survivorship curves

Front 19

Examples of organisms that exhibit Type II survivorship curves:

Back 19

invertebrates, lizards, rodents

Front 20

the growth is equal to the number of individuals times a certain growth rate

Back 20

Exponential growth

Front 21

Exponential growth is also called the _____ growth model.

Back 21

J Curve

Front 22

Exponential growth occurs when the conditions are _____ - the environment is _____.

Back 22

ideal, great

Front 23

Exponential growth requires that the environment be basically _____ - there needs to be plenty of food, space, mates, habitat, and no _____. This is seldom the case in most populations

Back 23

unlimited, problems

Front 24

Population growth slows and ceases as population density increases

Back 24

Logistic Growth

Front 25

Logistic growth is also known as the _____ curve.

Back 25

S

Front 26

Increasing population in logistic growth results in a decrease in _____, an increase in _____, or _____.

Back 26

birth rate, death rate, both

Front 27

maximum population the environment can support

Back 27

carrying capacity

Front 28

Nobody knows when we're going to reach the carrying capacity of the _____. Eventually, they will probably produce so much waste that it will produce a _____ environment.

Back 28

Earth, toxic

Front 29

concerned with changes in population size and the factors that regulate populations over time

Back 29

population ecology

Front 30

plot survivorship as the proportion of individuals from an initial population that are alive at each age

Back 30

survivorship curves

Front 31

environmental factors that restrict population growth

Back 31

limiting factors

Front 32

How exponential growth is calculated per capita rate increase times the population size = the growth rate of the population
rN=G

Back 32

note

Front 33

declining birth rates and rising death rates in response to increasing population density

Back 33

density-dependent rates

Front 34

a shift from zero population growth in which birth rates and death rates are high but roughly equal to zero population growth characterized by low birth and death rates

Back 34

demographic transition

Front 35

A situation that results from the increased proportion of women of childbearing age in the population

Back 35

population momentum