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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which of the following is not an organic material?
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Water
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Which term is most appropriate to describe a molecule that desolves easily in water?
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Hydrophilic
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Cholesterol is an example of what kinds of molecules?
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Lipids
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The 20 amino acids vary only in their
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Side groups
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A specific reactant an enzyme acts upon is called the?
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Substrate
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An enzyme does which of the following?
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Lowers the activation energy of a reation
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Explain the connection between monomers and polymers?
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Monomers are smaller units which are linked together into long chains by polymers
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Which molecule is released during construction of a polymer? What is this reaction called
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A dehydration reacton involves water. Every time a monomer is added to a chain.
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Functional Groups
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A group of atoms within a molecule that interacts in predictable ways with other molecules.
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Hydrophilic
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they attract water molecules
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Monomers
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Large units built from many similar, smaller molecular units
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Organic molecules
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Carbon based molecules
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Inorganic Molecules
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Non-carbon based molecules such as water, oxygen, ans amonia
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Polymers
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cells which link monomers together into chains
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Hydrocarbons
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Organic molecules that are composed of only carbon and hydrogen
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Carbohydrates
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An organic compound made up of sugar molecules
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Monosaccharides
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Simple sugars containing only one sugar unit
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Disaccharides
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Double sugar
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Polysaccharides
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Long polymer chains made up of simple sugar monomers
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Starch
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A polysaccharide found in plant cells that consists entirely of glucose monomers
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Glycogen
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Animal cells do not contain starch. Instead, animals such as turkeys(and humans)store excess sugar in the form of a polysaccharide
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Cellulose
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Building materials
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Lipids
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Water-Avoiding compounds
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Hydrophobic
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Water fearing
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Saturated Fats
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a fat in which all three fatty acid chains contain the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms.
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Unsaturated fats
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contain less than the maximum number of hydrogen atoms in one or more of its fatty acid chains.
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Steriod
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A lipid molecule in which the carbon skeleton forms four fused rings
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Cholesterol
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an essential molecule found in the membranes that surround your cells
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Proteins
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A polymer constructed from a set of 20 kinds of monomers called amino acids.
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Amino Acids
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a monomer consisting of one central carbon atom formed to four partners
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Polypeptide
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Cells create proteins by limking amino acids together into a chain
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Denaturation
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An unfavorable change in temperature, pH, or some other quality of the environment can cause a protein to unravel and lose its normal shape
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Activation Energy
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Start up energy
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Catalysts
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compoundsthat speed up chemical reactions
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enzymes
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the main catalysts of chemical reactions in organisms are specialized proteins
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