Biology - Exam 4 - Study Guide 4

Front 1

Which level of the energy pyramid has the greatest biomass?
A) secondary consumers
B) producers
C) primary consumers
D) carnivores
E) heterotrophs

Back 1

B) producers

Front 2

The three major reservoirs of carbon are:
A) fossil fuels, legumes, and micronutrients.
B) rocks, the atmosphere, and guano.
C) oceans, the atmosphere, and fossil fuels.
D) acid precipitation, carbon-fixing bacteria, and oceans.
E) soil, water, and the atmosphere.

Back 2

C) oceans, the atmosphere, and fossil fuels.

Front 3

Trees often produce secondary chemicals to deter herbivores from feeding on their leaves; in turn, many herbivores have developed ways of avoiding or detoxifying these chemicals. This is an example of:
A) predatory avoidance.
B) coevolution.
C) parasitic evolution.
D) competitive exclusion.
E) parasite predation.

Back 3

B) coevolution.

Front 4

The first community that forms on bare rock often has organisms such as:
A) grasses and weeds.
B) broad-leaf trees and conifers.
C) lichens and mosses.
D) herbs and conifers.
E) woody shrubs and conifers.

Back 4

C) lichens and mosses.

Front 5

Which factor does NOT influence the size a population reaches over time?
A) distance traveled by migrants
B) number of deaths
C) number of individuals migrating
D) number of births
E) age of females at reproduction

Back 5

A) distance traveled by migrants

Front 6

An ecological niche:
A) cannot be shared by two species.
B) depends on the weather.
C) is the same thing as a habitat.
D) is formed by the physical environment only.
E) is a constantly changing place.

Back 6

A) cannot be shared by two species.

Front 7

Failure to respond to harmless, repetitive stimulation is an example of:
A) operant conditioning.
B) insight learning.
C) trial-and-error learning.
D) imprinting.
E) habituation.

Back 7

E) habituation.

Front 8

Plants help reduce flooding by:
A) increasing the soil's ability to hold water.
B) breaking down the soil.
C) increasing CO2 levels.
D) decreasing the amount of water returned to the air.
E) removing soil.

Back 8

A) increasing the soil's ability to hold water.

Front 9

In the interactions among the tree-dwelling black ants, the roundworms, and the birds, the roundworms are the:
A) predators.
B) mutualists.
C) parasites.
D) prey.
E) hosts.

Back 9

C) parasites.

Front 10

Birds follow animal herds to catch insects that are disturbed as the large herbivores like water buffalo walk through the grass. The birds fly into the air and make warning calls when large predators like lions are near. What is the ecological relationship between the birds and the herbivores called?
A) resource partitioning
B) mutualism
C) parasitism
D) competition
E) predation

Back 10

B) mutualism

Front 11

In a deciduous oak forest, which of these are nonliving?
A) the smaller plants living under the oak trees.
B) animals such as deer that migrate through the forest but do not eat in the forest.
C) nematodes in the soil that feed on dead organic matter.
D) nematodes in the soil that feed on plant roots.
E) sunlight that filters through the canopy.

Back 11

E) sunlight that filters through the canopy.

Front 12

Earthworms live in many grass and forest ecosystems, and they aerate the soil as they burrow. They also may mix soil layers as they ingest organic matter and travel between layers. These traits, taken collectively, make up the of the earthworm.
A) habitat
B) niche
C) community profile
D) resource partition profile
E) ecosystem profile

Back 12

B) niche

Front 13

How much of the energy that reaches Earth's outer atmosphere from the sun is available for photosynthesis in plants
at Earth's surface?
A) 25%
B) 21%
C) 14%
D) 1%
E) 5%

Back 13

D) 1%

Front 14

What is the function of the dominance hierarchy within a group of animals?
A) increase fighting among members of a population
B) limit the size of the population
C) eliminate competition
D) increase competition
E) minimize aggression

Back 14

E) minimize aggression

Front 15

An introduced species is "invasive" if it:
A) outcompetes native species in its new habitat.
B) cannot successfully maintain a population in the new habitat.
C) is a threat to humans.
D) survives in its new habitat and forms mutually beneficial relationships with native species.
E) does not cause significant harm to native species.

Back 15

A) outcompetes native species in its new habitat.

Front 16

If a fox eats a rodent that ate a smaller insect that ate a plant, the fox is a(n):
A) tertiary consumer.
B) primary consumer.
C) secondary consumer.
D) primary producer.
E) autotroph.

Back 16

A) tertiary consumer.

Front 17

A snake that eats a small rabbit that feeds on grass is classified as a(n):
A) primary producer.
B) secondary consumer.
C) autotroph.
D) tertiary consumer.
E) primary consumer.

Back 17

B) secondary consumer.

Front 18

An example of________ is when birds feed on parasitic insects they pick off the skin of large animals such as
elephants or bison.
A) competition
B) predation
C) parasitism
D) mutualism
E) resource partitioning

Back 18

D) mutualism

Front 19

The number of different types of organisms?plants, animals, microbes, and fungi?living in an area is the________ of
a community.
A) ecosystem services.
B) conservation biology.
C) genetic diversity.
D) species diversity.
E) ecosystem diversity.

Back 19

D) species diversity.

Front 20

A population of rabbits introduced into an island grew rapidly for a few years and then the growth slowed down. Why did the population become stable?
A) Environmental resistance declined.
B) A bust cycle was about to begin.
C) The value of r decreased.
D) The carrying capacity was reached.
E) The rate of immigration declined.

Back 20

D) The carrying capacity was reached.