Biology - Exam 4 - Study Guide 2

Front 1

A species that plays a major role in determining the structure of its ecological community is:
A) the most abundant species in the community.
B) a predator.
C) the species with the largest size.
D) a dominator species.
E) a keystone species.

Back 1

E) a keystone species.

Front 2

Organisms that must rely on complex, high-energy molecules produced by other organisms for survival are:
A) cyanobacteria.
B) heterotrophs.
C) producers.
D) autotrophs.
E) denitrifying bacteria.

Back 2

B) heterotrophs.

Front 3

A population grows exponentially when:
A) the death rate equals the birth rate and immigration is equal to emigration.
B) emigration exceeds immigration and the birth rate equals the death rate.
C) the carrying capacity is exceeded.
D) the birth rate exceeds the death rate and immigration exceeds emigration.
E) the birth rate and the death rate are equal.

Back 3

D) the birth rate exceeds the death rate and immigration exceeds emigration.

Front 4

If a bird eats an insect that ate a plant, the bird is considered a(n):
A) primary producer.
B) primary consumer.
C) tertiary consumer.
D) secondary consumer.
E) autotroph.

Back 4

D) secondary consumer.

Front 5

In countries that have large numbers of children under age 15, the population is:
A) becoming smaller.
B) able to expand its carrying capacity.
C) staying the same.
D) hard to predict.
E) becoming larger.

Back 5

E) becoming larger.

Front 6

The amount of energy lost as it passes from one trophic level to another is approximately:
A) 90%.
B) 50%.
C) 99%.
D) 63%.
E) 75%.

Back 6

A) 90%.

Front 7

The protist Stentor contracts when it is touched for the first time but gradually stops retracting if the touching is continued. This behavior is called:
A) habituation.
B) a sensitive period.
C) insight learning.
D) imprinting.
E) operant conditioning.

Back 7

A) habituation.

Front 8

Innate behavior is:
A) not under genetic control.
B) based on habituation.
C) nonadaptive.
D) learned.
E) instinctive.

Back 8

E) instinctive.

Front 9

A species that is a mimic may:
A) produce chemicals that deter predators.
B) have behavior similar to that of another species.
C) produce "smoke screens."
D) use bright colors to warn that they are harmful.
E) resemble their surroundings.

Back 9

B) have behavior similar to that of another species.

Front 10

A(n)________ is an area that is very dry because the air in that region has passed over a mountain and lost most of its moisture.
A) rain shadow
B) chaparral
C) adiabat
D) tropical desert
E) basin

Back 10

A) rain shadow

Front 11

The shape, size, or color of an animal:
A) does not communicate information.
B) plays a role in active visual communication.
C) relates to the pheromones the animal produces.
D) is used to mark the boundaries of territories.
E) plays a role in passive visual communication.

Back 11

E) plays a role in passive visual communication.

Front 12

An effective, bright, and very distinct color pattern that a prey species can display suddenly to scare a predator
is called:
A) aggressive mimicry.
B) camouflage.
C) mimicry.
D) modeling.
E) startle coloration.

Back 12

E) startle coloration.

Front 13

A deer that gets its energy from eating plants is a(n):
A) carnivore.
B) omnivore.
C) herbivore.
D) tertiary consumer.
E) primary producer.

Back 13

C) herbivore.

Front 14

To communicate across hundreds of miles whales use:
A) wave motions.
B) sight.
C) pheromones.
D) sound.
E) touch.

Back 14

D) sound.

Front 15

Micronutrients:
A) are smaller molecules than macronutrients.
B) benefit organisms if they are present but are not essential.
C) include water, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus.
D) are rarely found in the environment.
E) are needed in smaller quantities than macronutrients but are just as essential.

Back 15

E) are needed in smaller quantities than macronutrients but are just as essential.

Front 16

What is the role of the ozone layer?
A) It increases the gyres.
B) It increases photosynthesis in Antarctic phytoplankton.
C) It increases the amount of sunlight that reaches the poles.
D) It reduces the amount of UV light that reaches Earth's surface.
E) It increases the levels of CFCs in the upper atmosphere.

Back 16

D) It reduces the amount of UV light that reaches Earth's surface.

Front 17

Environmental resistance may limit the size of populations by:
A) decreasing death rates and/or increasing birth rates.
B) decreasing both birth and death rates.
C) increasing both birth and death rates.
D) changing the biotic potential.
E) increasing death rates and/or decreasing birth rates.

Back 17

E) increasing death rates and/or decreasing birth rates.

Front 18

What happens to 99% of the energy that reaches Earth's atmosphere?
A) It is reflected or absorbed by the atmosphere, clouds, and Earth's surface.
B) It is captured by plants and used in photosynthesis.
C) It is used as heat by animals.
D) It is absorbed by rocks on Earth's crust.
E) It is destroyed by the atmosphere.

Back 18

A) It is reflected or absorbed by the atmosphere, clouds, and Earth's surface.

Front 19

Some biologists believe that life on Earth is in the midst of a sixth major mass extinction event caused by:
A) loss of genetic diversity due to inbreeding.
B) a gradual increase in global temperature.
C) rapid climate change.
D) human activity.
E) coevolution of predator and prey species.

Back 19

D) human activity.

Front 20

Succession that begins on bare rock after glaciers have passed, or on newly formed volcanic islands, is:
A) autogenic.
B) secondary.
C) pioneer.
D) primary.
E) allogenic.

Back 20

D) primary.

Front 21

Tapeworms in the human gut are an example of:
A) prey.
B) parasites.
C) predators.
D) hosts.
E) mutualists.

Back 21

B) parasites.

Front 22

The atoms that make up the molecules in our bodies:
A) cannot be rearranged to make different molecules under any circumstances.
B) traveled to Earth as electromagnetic waves.
C) have nearly all been on Earth throughout its entire history.
D) will be lost back to space soon after we die.
E) were all formed recently by nuclear fusion on the sun.

Back 22

C) have nearly all been on Earth throughout its entire history.

Front 23

Oceans, the atmosphere, and fossil fuels are large reservoirs of:
A) oxygen.
B) water.
C) nitrogen.
D) carbon.
E) phosphorus.

Back 23

D) carbon.

Front 24

All members of a species that reside within an ecosystem make up a(n):
A) aggregation.
B) trophic level.
C) ecotone.
D) community.
E) population.

Back 24

E) population.

Front 25

Some predators feed preferentially on the most abundant prey. This is an example of________ predation.
A) exponential
B) competitive
C) density-independent
D) density-dependent
E) cyclical

Back 25

D) density-dependent