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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Limitations of the fossil record |
habitat bias, taxonomic bias, temporal bias, abundance bias |
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Hadean Eon |
4.5 BYA, no life, high volcanism, no oxygen in atmosphere. |
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Archean Eon |
4 to 2.5 BYA. Oceans, volcanism, no oxygen, first cells (first bacteria 3.5 BYA), origin of photosynthesis. |
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Proterozoic Eon |
2.5 BYA to 542 MYA, Stromatolites common (made by cyanobacteria), atmosphere and surface of oceans are oxygenated (2.4 MYA), Oxygen Catastrophe: Mass Extinction Event,
1st Eukaryotic Cells 1.8 BYA, First animals around 600 MYA (only in oceans) |
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Bilatarians |
The early group that contains the animal phila that aren't organisms like jellfish (cnidarians), sponges, and choanoflagellates (outgroup) |
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All Animals Shared Derived Traits |
-eukaryotes, no cell wall, gastrola stage, collagen production |
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Phanerozoic Eon |
Cambrian explosion occurs in this eon around 542MYA |
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Cambrian Explosion |
increased lifes diversity over 60 million years |
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Adaptive Radiation |
Rapid speciation associated with ecological opportunities and/or morphological innovations that lead to diversification. The Cambrian explosion is associated with several adaptive radiations of animals. |
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Authropods |
The first animals to make it onto land (420 MYA) |
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Tetrapods |
animals with 4 legs evolving 365 MYA (Devonian period) |
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Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic periods |
Periods that make up the phanerozioc eon. Paleozoic = cambrian explosion and first animals Mesozoic = first mammals and dinosaurs: triassic, jurassic, cretaceous. Cenozoic: At the end of it humans evolved. |
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Angiosperms |
1st flowering plants 125 MYA, basic food crops |
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1st Primate Fossils |
65 MYA |
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Hominins |
5-6 MYA, group that is a subtype of hominids and includes modern humans
Shared Derived Trait: Bipedalism |
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200,000 YA |
Homo Sapiens evolve |
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Mass Extinction Event |
50% or more species go extinct within a few million years
Happen 1-10% per million years |
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End-Permian Extinction |
over 90% went extinct during this time, biggest one yet in the phanerozoic eon |
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Shared Derived Traits of Mammals |
hair, mammary glands
Placental mammals have placenta |
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Shared Derived Traits of Primates |
eyes on front of face, 5 fingers on all limbs, flattened nails instead of claws |
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New World Monkeys |
have the evolved trait of opposable thumbs and eyes on front |
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Old World Monkeys |
have eyes on front, opposable thumbs and closely placed nostrils |
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Apes |
evolved eyes on front, opposable thumbs, closely placed nostrils, and no tails |
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Prosimians |
Have eyes on front |
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Hominidae |
Great apes, humans are included here (hominins) |
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Homo Neanderthalensis |
Hominin: resided in europe and middle east, genetic results indicate inbreeding between them and homo sapiens (1 to 4% of genomes of H sapiens are from neanderthals) |
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Homo Sapien |
modern human, resided in Africa for 130,000 years then split into two groups and left africa about 60,000 YA. Most genetic diversity found in Africa. |
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Homo Erectus |
Hominin resided in Asia |
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Vital Rates |
BIDE (N1=N0 + BIDE) |
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Finding Lamda Without r |
Nt=N0(lambda^t) |
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Lambda |
Geometric Growth Rate (discrete) growing when more than 1 stable when = to 1 shrinking when less than 1 |
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r |
per capita growth rate (at any instant in time) lambda= e^r
growing: more than 0 stable = 0 shrinking: less than 0
r= b+i -d-e
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For continuously growing populations |
Nt=N0e^rt |
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Change in Population Growth Over A Short Time |
delta N/delta t |
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Logistic Growth |
S-shape. Slows toward K.
dN/dt = rN{K-N/K} |
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Things that CHANGE population growth |
Biotic: predation, competition, parasitism, mutualism, disease
Abiotic: temperature, disturbance, precipitation, pollution, salinity, pH |
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Things that REGULATE population growth |
Biotic factors that have a NEGATIVE effect |
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Human Growth Rate |
Remained constant but boomed after industrial revolution and then slowed in recent decades |