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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Sexual Reproduction (partner?offspring look like?) |
Requires a partner; variety of offspring |
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Asexual Reproduction (partnet?offspring look like?) |
Does not require partner; offspring identical to parent |
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DNA |
Genetic material |
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Gene |
Section of DNA;instructions |
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Chromosome |
Single molecule of DNA |
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Chromatin |
DNA and packaging protein |
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Sister Chromatids |
Identical |
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Centromere |
Joins copies;like a paper clip |
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What does meiosis produce? |
Gametes |
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Monozygotic twins |
Identical |
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Dizygotic |
Fraternal |
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How many chromosomes do humans have? |
46 |
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How many pairs are the chromosomes in? |
23 |
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How many pairs of chromosomes are there? |
0 |
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When do chromosomes look like an X? |
When they are copied and getting ready to divide |
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What do chromosomes look like most of the time? |
Single strand of DNA |
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Are sex chromosome abnormalities survivable? |
Yes |
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How many cells does Meiosis produce? |
4 |
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Nondisjunction (definition;survivable?) |
Chromosomes do not separate correctly; not usually survivable |
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Trisomy 21 (definition;survivable?) |
3 copies of chromosome 21;Yes |
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Gene |
Instructions |
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Allele |
Two variations of a gene |
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Do sister chromatids have the same alleles? |
Yes |
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Homologous chromosomes (same genes?same alleles?) |
Same genes;May or may not have the same alleles |
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Are humans haploid or diploid? |
Diploid |
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Dominant allele |
Having one copy gives you the dominant trait |
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Recessive allele |
Must have both recessive alleles to have the recessive trait |
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Genotype |
Whats in your DNA; genes |
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Phenotype |
Outside appearance |
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Monohybrid cross |
Only one gene |
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Sickle Cell Anemia |
Recessive trait |
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Dihybrid cross |
2 genes |
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Carrier |
Can pass on a trait |
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Cystic fibrosis (autosomal or sex?) |
Autosomal |
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Dwarfism (homo or hetero?) |
Heterozygotes |
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Incomplete dominance |
When you have two traits that mix if its has dominant and recessive alleles |
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Multiple alleles |
More than 2 alleles |
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Pleiotropy |
One gene has multiple effects |
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Pleiotropy example |
Sickle cell disease |
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Polygenic inheritance |
Multiple genes influence a trait |
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Polygenic inheritance example |
Skin color; height |
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Mitosis (used in humans for what) |
Growth, repair,development |
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Mitosis (used in other species for?) |
Asexual Reproduction |
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Cytokinesis |
Division of cells into 2 new cells |
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Mutation |
Changes in DNA |
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Proto-oncogene (gas or break?;definition |
Gas pedal; promotes cell division |
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Oncogene (definition; type of cell growth) |
Mutated Proto-oncogene; unregulated cell growth |
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Tumor suppressor gene (brakes or gas?; definition |
Brakes; slows down Cell division |
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Tumor |
Mass of cells growing out of control |
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Cancer |
Tumors that spread to other tissues |
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Benign tumor |
Cannot spread to other tissues |
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Malignant tumor |
Can spread to other tissues |
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TNM staging of cancer |
Tumor, nodes, metastasis |
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Mammograms |
X-ray of the breast |
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Pap smear |
Treat for cervical cancer |
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HPV test |
Test for human papilloma virus |
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PSA test |
Measures a man's prostate specific antigen |