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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
genetics
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the study of inheritance
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monohybrid cross
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a cross between true-breeding strains with alternative forms of a single trait
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reciprocal cross
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matings done with both genders, used to find sex-linked traits
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Principle of Uniformity in F1
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all offspring of true-breeding parents are alike and only resemble one parent
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particulate factors
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1. F1 resembled one parent but didn't breed true
2. F1 produced F2 offspring with traits that had disappeared in F1 |
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Principle of Segregation
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Each trait is controlled by particulate factors that occur in pairs. These factors segregate from each other during gamete formation so that each gamete receives one of each pair. The double number is restored upon fertilization
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locus
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the location of a gene on a chromosome
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test cross
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crossing an individual with a dominant phenotype with a pure-breeding recessive to find the individual's genotype
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Law of Independent Assortment
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pairs of alleles for genes on different chromosomes segregate independently during formation of gametes
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pleiotropy
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the creation of superficially unrelated effects by a single allele
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epistasis
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the masking of the effects of one gene by the allele of another
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1 out of 3
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the proportion of our genes required for viability
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penetrance
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the % of carriers of an allele that are somehow affected by that allele
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expressivity
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the extent to which a phenotype is altered in affected individuals
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germ cells
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give rise to sperm and eggs
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hemizygous
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a gene that's present in only one chromosome
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criss-cross inheritance
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gene transmission from the male P to the female F1 to the male F2
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dyads
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the chromosomes that separate during Anaphase I
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proband
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the affected individual through which a pedigree is discovered
male = propositus female = proposita |
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cis, coupling
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alleles that are together on the same homolog
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trans, repulsion
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alleles are together on different homologs
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