Biology Chapter 20

Front 1

Non-living, INFECTIOUS PARTICLE

Back 1

VIRUS

Front 2

protein coat on a virus

Back 2

capsid

Front 3

VIRUS THAT INFECTS BACTERIA

Back 3

BACTERIOPHAGE

Front 4

VIRUS THAT CAUSES AIDS

Back 4

HIV - HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS

Front 5

RNA VIRUS THAT USES THE ENZYME REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE TO PRODUCE VIRAL DNA IN A HOST CELL

Back 5

RETROVIRUS

Front 6

DISEASE CAUSING AGENT

Back 6

PATHOGEN

Front 7

METHOD OF ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION THAT DIVIDES ONE BACTERIAL OR ARCHAEAL CELL INTO TWO IDENTICAL DESCENDANT CELLS

Back 7

BINARY FISSION

Front 8

ORGANISM THAT USES CARBON DIOXIDE AS ITS CARBON SOURCE AND OBTAINS ENERGY BY OXIDIZING INORGANIC MOLECULES

Back 8

CHEMOAUTOTROPH

Front 9

ORGANISM THAT OBTAINS ENERGY AND CARBON BY BREAKING DOWN ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

Back 9

CHEMOHERTEROTROPH

Front 10

ORGANISM THAT OBTAINS CARBON FROM CARBON DIOXIDE AND ENERGY FROM LIGHT

Back 10

PHOTOAUTOTROPH

Front 11

ORGANISM THAT OBTAINS ITS CARBON FROM ORGANIC COMPOUNDS AND ITS ENERGY FROM LIGHT

Back 11

PHOTOHETEROTROPH

Front 12

PHOTOSYNTHETIC, OXYGEN-PRODUCING BACTERIA

Back 12

CYANOBACTERIA

Front 13

BACTERIA WITH THICK Peptidoglycan layer THAT ARE COLORED PURPLE WHEN PREPARED FOR MICROSCOPY BY GRAM STAINING

Back 13

GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA

Front 14

INCORPORATION OF NITROGEN GAS INTO AMMONIA

Back 14

NITROGEN FIXATION

Front 15

BACTERIA THAT RESEMBLE A STRETCHED-OUT SPRING

Back 15

SPIROCHETES

Front 16

ORGANISM ADAPTED TO LIFE IN A HIGHLY SALTY ENVIRONMENT, aerobes, heterotrophic

Back 16

HALOPHILES

Front 17

DURING HIV REPLICATION, REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE READS VIRAL _______ TO PRODUCE VIRAL________.

Back 17

RNA AND DNA

Front 18

______ARE OXYGEN-RELEASING PHOTOAUTOTROPHS

Back 18

CYANOBACTERIA

Front 19

NITROGEN FIXATION BY BACTERIA PRODUCES WHAT

Back 19

AMMONIA

Front 20

Spherical Bacteria

Back 20

Coccus

Front 21

live in hot, acid, sulfur environments

Back 21

Thermoacidophiles

Front 22

RELEASE OXYGEN

Back 22

CYANOBACTERIA

Front 23

obilgate anaerobes

Back 23

METHANOGENS

Front 24

RNA GENOME INSIDE A PROTEIN COAT

Back 24

RETROVIRUSES

Front 25

4 common virus characteristics

Back 25

1. protein coat - capsid

2. nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA)

3. Rely on other cells for replication

4. small 10-400 nm in length

Front 26

endocytosis

Back 26

process in which viruses are moved into the cell

Front 27

enzyme found in retrovirus

Back 27

reverse transcriptase

Front 28

retrovirus outside the cell

Back 28

virion

Front 29

6 steps to HIV reproduction

Back 29

1. attachment - virus binds to receptor on host cell

2. entry - capsid enters cell releasing viral RNA and R.T.

3. reverse transcription - makes DNA from viral RNA. Viral DNA integrates into host DNA

4. biosynthesis - DNA transcription, mRNA translation, proteins.

5. maturation - viral protein s assemble to make new viruses

6. release - new viruses leave cell and destroy T-cell.

Front 30

rod shaped bacteria

Back 30

bacillus

Front 31

wavy bacteria

Back 31

spirillum

Front 32

proteinaceous infectious particles

Back 32

Prions

Front 33

small circular pieces of DNA that carry antibiotic resistance genes

Back 33

Plasmids

Front 34

A dormant cell resistant to heat, UV, boiling and chemicals

Back 34

Endospore

Front 35

Stains pink, thin peptidoglycan layer, resists penicillin

Back 35

Gram negative bacteria

Front 36

cells that perform Nitrogen fixation - converting inorganic nitrogen and putting it in organic molecules

Back 36

Heterocysts

Front 37

blue-green color, photosynthetic and release O2 into the atmosphere

Back 37

cyanobacteria

Front 38

needs oxygen

Back 38

obilgate aerobe

Front 39

prefers oxygen but can live without it

Back 39

Facultative anaerobe

Front 40

obligate anaerobe

Back 40

killed by oxygen

Front 41

naked vs. enveloped virus

Back 41

Naked - nucleic acid and capsid

Enveloped - nucleic acid, capsid, viral envelope with spikes