Biology Chapters 3 & 4

Front 1

Gatekeepers

Back 1

made up of lipids,proteins, carbohydrates.(Cell membrane)it creates a barrier between the inside and the outside.

Front 2

Phospholipid Bilayer

Back 2

two rows of lipids that creat a fluid mosaic model, includes cholesterol,and proteins, and give cell it's shape.

Front 3

Cholesterol

Back 3

0 to 25% in the membranes and the more the siffer the membrane.

Front 4

Proteins

Back 4

in all membranes, 1 for every 25 lipids(avg.) in bedded or attached to surface of bilayer, can move w/in or be anchored to a spot.

Front 5

Anchored proteins

Back 5

Move materials in and out of cell. Send and recieve signals, cell recognition

Front 6

Transport Proteins

Back 6

Flows like a river,back and forth

Front 7

Receptor Protiens

Back 7

Deliver chemical messages to cell,DOES NOT enter the cell, Hormones/nuttrient binding>chain reaction. Resulting in a response.

Front 8

Recognition Proteins

Back 8

Recognizes what is suppose to be there.

Front 9

Carbohydrates

Back 9

only on the outside of cell membranes surface, cell to cell recognition and cell adhesion

Front 10

Membrane Transport

Back 10

Passive Transport, & Active Transport

Front 11

Passive Transport

Back 11

No energy required, goes from higher concentration to lower concentration. simple diffusion, Facilitated diffusion, Osmosis

Front 12

The Concentrated Gradient

Back 12

When something goes from Highr consentration to lower consentration.

Front 13

Simple Diffusion

Back 13

Very small molecules (oxygen and water)

Front 14

Facilitated Diffusion

Back 14

Ion channels(ions) Aquaporins(water)Carrier Proteins(sugars,amino acids) Glucous transport most used.

Front 15

Osmosis

Back 15

Movement of water molecules across the membrane from the higher concentrate to lower. always trying to dilute. (hydopotonic side to hyertonic side)

Front 16

Isotonic

Back 16

Always equal

Front 17

Hypertonic

Back 17

More solids

Front 18

Hypotonic

Back 18

less solids

Front 19

Crenates

Back 19

Cells shrink

Front 20

Active Transport

Back 20

Requires energy(ATP) goes against concentration grade, (trasports though proteins,Endocytosis,Exocytosis)

Front 21

Endocytosis

Back 21

Phagocytosis,Pinocytosis

Front 22

Phagocytosis

Back 22

Cellular eating

Front 23

Pinocytosis

Back 23

Cellular drinking(visicles=membrane bound bubbles)

Front 24

Exocytosis

Back 24

waste

Front 25

Cell

Back 25

small, all have plasma membranes( need a larger surface area: volume ratio, less distance to get to the outside)

Front 26

3 domains

Back 26

Bacteria,Archaea(Prokarya)
Eurkarya(animals)

Front 27

Prokaryotes

Back 27

Inhabits all areas of the planet.

Front 28

Structurea of all Prokaryotes

Back 28

Plasma membrane
Neucleoid regin
Cytoplasm

Front 29

Nucleoid regin

Back 29

Has the cells DNA

Front 30

Cytoplasm

Back 30

"juice",has nucleiod, liquid, ribosomes

Front 31

Structure of SOME prokaryotes

Back 31

cell wall
Capsule
Flagellum

Front 32

Cell Wall of prokaryotes

Back 32

keeps cells shape and ridigity.

Front 33

Capsule of of prokaryotes

Back 33

1)Slime layer on outside (polysacchorides=carbs)
2)Protects immune system attacks
3)Prevents it from losing water
4)traps other cells for food

Front 34

Flagellum of prokaryotes

Back 34

Along single appendage
Acts like a propeller

Front 35

Eurkaryotes

Back 35

typically multicellular

Front 36

Eurkaryotes structure

Back 36

Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Cytoskeleton
Organelles

Front 37

Cytoskeleton

Back 37

the cells framework

Front 38

Organelles

Back 38

enclosed by another membrane. are structures that have specific roles.[nucleus,mitochondria,rough endoplasmic reteculum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum,golgi apperatice,lysome,(vacules and chlooplasts in plants only)]

Front 39

Nucleus

Back 39

usually the largest organelle in the cell(nuclear enevelope, nuclear pores, nucleous)

Front 40

Nuclear envelope

Back 40

2 membrane

Front 41

Nuclear pores

Back 41

door way to the nucleus

Front 42

Nucleous

Back 42

has no membrane,(peanut M&M), DNA, starts the assembly of ribosomes

Front 43

Nucleus Functions

Back 43

Site of DNA Replication, control center of cell,

Front 44

Ribosomes

Back 44

Tiny complexes RNA & proteins, free in the cytoplasm, attach to the surface of RER, inside the mitochondria, in the plants cloroplasts.

Front 45

Ribosomes function

Back 45

Protein synthesis(make protein)

Front 46

Endomembrane System

Back 46

Endoplasmic reticulum(ER)
Rough Endoplasmic reticulum(RER)
smooth endoplasmic reticulum(SER)
Golgi Apparatus/complex

Front 47

Rough Enoplasmic Reticulum(RER)[structure]

Back 47

Lots of flat folds, ribosomes,it continues w/ outer nuclear envelope

Front 48

Rough Enoplasmic Reticulum(RER)[function]

Back 48

stores and transports proteins to othe locations inside vesicles. holds the ribosomes

Front 49

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)[structure]

Back 49

lots of tubular folds, no ribosomes,

Front 50

Smooth Endoplasmic Rticulum(SER)[function]

Back 50

manufactures molecules like phospholipids/cholesterole
chemical modification of proteins from the RER or small molecules

Front 51

Golgi Apparatus/Complex[structure]

Back 51

gets membrane from ER vesicles, stacks of saucers and veribrate

Front 52

Vesicles

Back 52

little taxis they carry things in and out of golgi.

Front 53

Golgi Apparatus/Complex[ function]

Back 53

Chemical modification. post office of the cell( concentrates packages, sorts proteins

Front 54

Lysosomes[structure]

Back 54

digestive enzymes in a vesicle coming from golgi, not found in plant cells

Front 55

Lysosomes[function]

Back 55

little stomachs that break down food coming into the cell. breaks down its own cell(autophapy)

Front 56

Mitochondria[structure]

Back 56

2 membranes [outer membrane= smooth and protects
inner membrane= cristle and matrix]

Front 57

Cristle

Back 57

numerous folds

Front 58

Matrix

Back 58

regin enclosed, liquid,ribosomes, enzymes,DNA

Front 59

Mitochodria[function]

Back 59

powerhouse of the cell. Cell needs more energy have more mitochondria.

Front 60

Chloroplast[structure]

Back 60

2 membranes[outer=smooth and protects
Inner=stroma, Grana, Thylokoids]

Front 61

Stroma

Back 61

Fluid ( ribosomes, DNA )

Front 62

Grana(pl)

Back 62

stacks of thylokoids

Front 63

Thylokoids

Back 63

circular compartment that store chlorophyll

Front 64

Chloroplast[function]

Back 64

Photosynthisis

Front 65

Vacuole[structure](plants only)

Back 65

single membrane, filled w/ aqueous solutions,

Front 66

Vacuole[function](plants only)

Back 66

waterbalance in cell, stores toxic by products, aids in structure and support, some contain plant pigment.

Front 67

Cytoskeleton [structure]

Back 67

3 type of filamen (microfilament,intermediant filament,and microtubles)

Front 68

Cytoskeleton [function]

Back 68

maintains cell shape and support,aids in cell movement, acts and tracks for organelle movement.

Front 69

Flagellum[structure](in plants and animals)

Back 69

long singlely or paired, snake like movement

Front 70

Flagallum[function] ( in plants and animals)

Back 70

move the cell

Front 71

Cilia[structure]

Back 71

short more numerous, beat stiffly in one direction then comes back around again.

Front 72

Cilia[function]

Back 72

move fluids past surface, found in oviducts, repritory tracts of animals.