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77 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Levels of Organization are...
Biosphere
Eco-sphere
Community
Population
Organism
Organ System
Organ
Tissue
Cell
Organelle
Molecule
An Ecosystem consists of ...
All organisms living in a particular area
Chemical level consists of...
Atoms and Molecules
The basic unit of life. Perform all activities required for life.
A Cell
A cell that contains the membrane and DNA in an enclosed room...
Eukaryotic Cell
A cell that lacks organelles...
Prokaryotic Cell
Bacterial Cells are (Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic)?
Prokaryotic
Animal and Plant cells are (Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic)?
Eukaryotic
Each species genetic instructions are coded in a sequence known as...
DNA
Organisms share a few things in common...
*Regulation of internal conditions.

*Growth and developement

*Energy Use

*Response to enviromental stimuli

*Ability to reproduce and evolve
The diversity of life can be arranged into three...

Which do humans belong to...
Domains

Bacteria

Archaea

Eukarya (humans, animals and plants)
Swedish Physician and botanist who used physical characteristics to distinguish species
Carolus Linnaeus
Concept that defines a species as a population or group who can interbreed and produce
Biologcal Species Concept
The Hierarchy of classification
L to H

Species, Genus, Family Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom, Domain
Inherited traits that allow for survival and reproduction
Evolutionary Adaptations
Living Organisms are composed of about...
25 Chemical Elements
What four elements make up the majority of living matter
Oxygen 65%
Carbon 18.5%
Hydrogen 9.5%
Nitrogen 3.3%
Additive to food and water with minute amounts are called
Trace Elements
The smallest particle of matter that still retains properties of an element is an...
Atom
What determines the chemical properties of an atom
Electron Arrangement
When dealing with electron arrangement, the inner shell and outer shell hold how many electrons each
Inner - 2
Outer - 8
Atoms whose shells are not full interact with each other... this process is called...
Chemical bonds. Sharing electrons.
The 3 types of chemical bonds are
Covalent - share outer shell electrons

Hydrogen - WEAK bonds, just like water.. break apart easily.

Ionic - Share opposite charges
Insect can walk on water due to...
Surface tension
Ice is less dense than water, causing it to
Float
A compound that releases H+ ions in solution is an
Acid
A compound that releases oH- ions in a solution is a
Base
PH scale measures
Acidity
PH scales...

Lemon Juice, Water, Milk
Lemon - 2
Water - 7 NEUTRAL
Milk - 10
The four molecules of life are
Carbs, Fats, Proteins and Nucleic Acid.
Carbon Atom forms how many bonds? Carbons Atomic number is?
4 bonds. Atomic number 6
Starch and glycogen are
Polysaccharides
Fats are ___ that are mostly energy storaage molecules.
lipids
Steroids are types of
lipids
Steroids causes what type of damage?
headaches, baldness, liver damage, bowel problems, shrinkage
Proteins are constructed from ____ by ____bonds
Proteins constructed from amino acid by peptide bonds
Each amino acid contains a ___ group, a ____ group and an _____ group.
Amino, carboxyl and R
___ and ___ serve as the blueprints for proteins and control the life of a cell
DNA and RNA
The monomers of nucleic acids are
Nucleotides
Nucleotides are composed of _____, _______ and _____
Sugar, phosphate and nitrogenous base
The backbone for nucleic acid or polynucleotide are ________ and __________
sugar and phosphate
RNA's 4 letters
A-U-G-C
DNAs 4 letters
A-T-G-C
Light microscopes magnify up to
1000x
Prokaryotic cells do not have a
Nucleus with a membrane surrounding it
Boundaries of many eukaryotic cells that protect the nucleus are called
membranes
Plant cells have these two things that animal cells do not
Chloroplast and rigid cell walls
The largest organelle is the
Nucleus
The nucleus is seperated from the cytoplasm by
The nuclear envelope
The control center containing DNA
Nucleus
Creates lipids and stores and releases calcium ions in the muscle cell.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
Makes membrane and proteins
Rough ER
Located on the surface of the rough ER and produce proteins
Ribosomes
This finishes, sorts and ships cell products around the cell
Golgi apparatus
The difestive compartments within a cell. Keeps the house clean
lysosomes
Destroys bacteria that have been ingested
lysosomes
Membrane bound sacs. bubbles. store waste
Vacules
Convert solar energy to chemical energy in plants
Chloroplast
Harvest chemical energy from food and carry out cellular respiration...make ATP
Mitochondria
Enable cells to change shape and move
Microfilaments
Give the cell rigidity and provide anchors for organelles.... tracks for movement
Microtubules
Allow substances to flow from cell to cell
Gap Junction
shrinkage in cells due to decreased use, blood supply and nutrition
atrophy
increased cell size due to increased protein synthesis within the cell
hypertrophy
replacement of cells with another type of cell
metaplasia
increase in cell number/ cell division
hyperplasia
change in cells resulting in abnormal cell size
Dysplasia
associated with malignant tumor. fucked up cells
neoplasia
A cell has three destinies
stay alive and not divide

remain alive and not grow

die
Cell death
Apoptosis
Types of skin caner
Basal - least dangerous, common skin cancer

Squamous - gros rapidly

Melanoma - dangerous
ABCD rule for skin caner
Asymmetry
Boarder
Color
Diameter
Skin Cancer - Have a capsule and are not
serious
Benign
Skin Cancer - No capsule and are bad because they can spread
Malignant
Sugar in RNA
Deoxyribose
Antibiotics only target unique structures found in
bacteria
Skinny negative and blue
thick positive and red