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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Levels of Organization are...
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Biosphere
Eco-sphere Community Population Organism Organ System Organ Tissue Cell Organelle Molecule |
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An Ecosystem consists of ...
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All organisms living in a particular area
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Chemical level consists of...
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Atoms and Molecules
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The basic unit of life. Perform all activities required for life.
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A Cell
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A cell that contains the membrane and DNA in an enclosed room...
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Eukaryotic Cell
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A cell that lacks organelles...
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Prokaryotic Cell
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Bacterial Cells are (Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic)?
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Prokaryotic
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Animal and Plant cells are (Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic)?
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Eukaryotic
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Each species genetic instructions are coded in a sequence known as...
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DNA
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Organisms share a few things in common...
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*Regulation of internal conditions.
*Growth and developement *Energy Use *Response to enviromental stimuli *Ability to reproduce and evolve |
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The diversity of life can be arranged into three...
Which do humans belong to... |
Domains
Bacteria Archaea Eukarya (humans, animals and plants) |
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Swedish Physician and botanist who used physical characteristics to distinguish species
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Carolus Linnaeus
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Concept that defines a species as a population or group who can interbreed and produce
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Biologcal Species Concept
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The Hierarchy of classification
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L to H
Species, Genus, Family Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom, Domain |
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Inherited traits that allow for survival and reproduction
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Evolutionary Adaptations
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Living Organisms are composed of about...
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25 Chemical Elements
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What four elements make up the majority of living matter
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Oxygen 65%
Carbon 18.5% Hydrogen 9.5% Nitrogen 3.3% |
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Additive to food and water with minute amounts are called
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Trace Elements
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The smallest particle of matter that still retains properties of an element is an...
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Atom
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What determines the chemical properties of an atom
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Electron Arrangement
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When dealing with electron arrangement, the inner shell and outer shell hold how many electrons each
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Inner - 2
Outer - 8 |
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Atoms whose shells are not full interact with each other... this process is called...
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Chemical bonds. Sharing electrons.
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The 3 types of chemical bonds are
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Covalent - share outer shell electrons
Hydrogen - WEAK bonds, just like water.. break apart easily. Ionic - Share opposite charges |
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Insect can walk on water due to...
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Surface tension
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Ice is less dense than water, causing it to
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Float
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A compound that releases H+ ions in solution is an
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Acid
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A compound that releases oH- ions in a solution is a
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Base
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PH scale measures
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Acidity
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PH scales...
Lemon Juice, Water, Milk |
Lemon - 2
Water - 7 NEUTRAL Milk - 10 |
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The four molecules of life are
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Carbs, Fats, Proteins and Nucleic Acid.
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Carbon Atom forms how many bonds? Carbons Atomic number is?
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4 bonds. Atomic number 6
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Starch and glycogen are
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Polysaccharides
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Fats are ___ that are mostly energy storaage molecules.
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lipids
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Steroids are types of
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lipids
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Steroids causes what type of damage?
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headaches, baldness, liver damage, bowel problems, shrinkage
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Proteins are constructed from ____ by ____bonds
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Proteins constructed from amino acid by peptide bonds
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Each amino acid contains a ___ group, a ____ group and an _____ group.
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Amino, carboxyl and R
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___ and ___ serve as the blueprints for proteins and control the life of a cell
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DNA and RNA
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The monomers of nucleic acids are
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Nucleotides
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Nucleotides are composed of _____, _______ and _____
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Sugar, phosphate and nitrogenous base
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The backbone for nucleic acid or polynucleotide are ________ and __________
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sugar and phosphate
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RNA's 4 letters
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A-U-G-C
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DNAs 4 letters
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A-T-G-C
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Light microscopes magnify up to
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1000x
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Prokaryotic cells do not have a
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Nucleus with a membrane surrounding it
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Boundaries of many eukaryotic cells that protect the nucleus are called
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membranes
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Plant cells have these two things that animal cells do not
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Chloroplast and rigid cell walls
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The largest organelle is the
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Nucleus
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The nucleus is seperated from the cytoplasm by
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The nuclear envelope
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The control center containing DNA
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Nucleus
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Creates lipids and stores and releases calcium ions in the muscle cell.
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Smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
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Makes membrane and proteins
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Rough ER
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Located on the surface of the rough ER and produce proteins
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Ribosomes
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This finishes, sorts and ships cell products around the cell
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Golgi apparatus
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The difestive compartments within a cell. Keeps the house clean
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lysosomes
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Destroys bacteria that have been ingested
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lysosomes
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Membrane bound sacs. bubbles. store waste
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Vacules
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Convert solar energy to chemical energy in plants
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Chloroplast
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Harvest chemical energy from food and carry out cellular respiration...make ATP
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Mitochondria
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Enable cells to change shape and move
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Microfilaments
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Give the cell rigidity and provide anchors for organelles.... tracks for movement
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Microtubules
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Allow substances to flow from cell to cell
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Gap Junction
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shrinkage in cells due to decreased use, blood supply and nutrition
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atrophy
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increased cell size due to increased protein synthesis within the cell
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hypertrophy
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replacement of cells with another type of cell
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metaplasia
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increase in cell number/ cell division
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hyperplasia
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change in cells resulting in abnormal cell size
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Dysplasia
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associated with malignant tumor. fucked up cells
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neoplasia
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A cell has three destinies
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stay alive and not divide
remain alive and not grow die |
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Cell death
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Apoptosis
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Types of skin caner
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Basal - least dangerous, common skin cancer
Squamous - gros rapidly Melanoma - dangerous |
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ABCD rule for skin caner
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Asymmetry
Boarder Color Diameter |
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Skin Cancer - Have a capsule and are not
serious |
Benign
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Skin Cancer - No capsule and are bad because they can spread
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Malignant
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Sugar in RNA
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Deoxyribose
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Antibiotics only target unique structures found in
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bacteria
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Skinny negative and blue
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thick positive and red
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