Biology Chapter 7 Review

Front 1

24. What will happen to an animal cell if its placed in pure water? Why?

Back 1

It will swell and burst beacuse cells are filled with salts, sugars, and proteins they would always be in danger of exploding, if placed in fresh water. The water is hypotonic to their insides.

Front 2

25. Define Diffusion.

Back 2

Diffusion-molecules tend to move from an area where they more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated.

Front 3

26. Why does diffusion occur in the first place?

Back 3

Diffusion occurs in the first place because diffusion causes many substances to move across a cell membrane but does not require the cell to use energy.

Front 4

27. What is the job of the proteins in the cell membrane?

Back 4

Proteins run through the lipid layer; some form channels and pumps that help to move materials across the membrane.

Front 5

28. Why is facilitated diffusion still just diffusion?

Back 5

Facilitated diffusion still diffusion because membrane proteins with channels facilitate or help the diffusion of glucose across the membrane.

Front 6

29. Active transport is different from diffusion and osmosis because it requires what?

Back 6

Active transport is different from diffusion and osmosis because it requires energy.

Front 7

32. What happens to a plant and animal cell when placed in a hypotonic solution? A Hypertonic solution?

Back 7

When placed in a hypotonic solution the cell swells and bursts. But it is protected from osmotic pressure when placed in a hypertonic solution.

Front 8

33. What is endocytosis? exocytosis? These are both forms of what?

Back 8

Endocytosis-process of taking material into the cell by means of infoldings, or pockets, of cell membrane. Exocytosis-the removal of large amounts of material from a cell. These are both forms of active transport.

Front 9

34. If a cell contains 5% dissolved salts and 95% water, what will happen to it if it is placed in 92% water solutions?

Back 9

It is is placed in 92% water solution it will swell and burst.

Front 10

35. Describe phagocytosis?

Back 10

Phagocytosis-process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take them into the cell

Front 11

36. The low power magnification is 75X and the high power magnification is 800X. The low power field diameter is 1.3 MM. What is the high power field diameter in micrometers?

Back 11

1.3MM X 75 X/800X = .121875 -> .12MM

Front 12

37. The low power field diameter is 2000 micrometers. 15 cells will fit across the diameter. What is the length of one cell?

Back 12

2000 X 75 / 800 = 187.5 / 15 = 12.5MM

Front 13

38. What are the 3 parts of the cell theory?

Back 13

Cell theory: 1) all living things are composed of cells 2) cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things 3) new cells are produced from existing cells.

Front 14

39. What is the material that lies btw the cell membrane and the nucleus?

Back 14

Cytoplasm is the material that lies btw the cell membrane and the nucleus.

Front 15

40. What is function of the pores in the nuclear envelope?

Back 15

The nuclear pores allow material to move into and out of the nucleus.

Front 16

41. What is the function of the contractile vacuole?

Back 16

The function of the contractile vacuole is to help single celled organelles maintain homeostasis.

Front 17

01. What contributions did Schleiden and Schwann make to the cell theory?

Back 17

Schleiden concluded that all plants are made up of cells and Schwann concluded that all animals are made up of cells.

Front 18

03. Who was the first person to see cells?

Back 18

Anton van Leeuwenhock was the first person to see tiny living organisms in a drop of water.

Front 19

04. What types of cells typically have a cell wall?

Back 19

Cell walls are found in many organisms, including plants, algae, fungi, and nearly all prokaryotes.

Front 20

05. What are cell walls composed of? Cell Membranes?

Back 20

Most cell walls are made from fibers of carbohydrates and protein.

Front 21

06. Describe the structure of cilia and flagella? What is their function?

Back 21

In some cells, bundles of microtubules form hairlike projections from the cell surface known as cilia & flagella. Cilia and flagella enable cells to swim rapidly through liquids.

Front 22

07. What are the functions of the nucleus?

Back 22

The nucleus controls most cell processes and contains the hereditary information of DNA.

Front 23

09. What are organelles? What kinds of cells have them?

Back 23

Organelles- specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell. All plants, animals & fungi, and many microorganisms are eukaryotes.

Front 24

02. What are the main differences btw prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Back 24

Main difference btw eukaryotes and prokaryotes: the cells of eukaryotes have a nucleus, but the cells of prokaryotes do not.

Front 25

08. Why is the rough endoplasmic reticulum called "rough" in the first place?

Back 25

The rough endoplasmic reticulum has this name because of the ribosomes that stud its surface.

Front 26

30. What does isotonic mean?

Back 26

Isotonic -(the solutions are the same strength) concentration of water in the solution is the same as the cell's

Front 27

31. What is the difference in active transport compared to osmosis and diffusion when considering the concentration differences?

Back 27

Active transport of molecules and ions against a concentration difference requires transport proteins and energy.

Front 28

10. Label the parts of the cell

Back 28

A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H, I

Front 29

11. Where is the nucleolus found and what is its function?

Back 29

It is located in the middle. Function of the nucleolus:where the assembly of ribosomes begins.

Front 30

12. What is the function of the mitochondria?

Back 30

Mitochondria use energy from food to make high-energy compounds that the cell can use to power growth, development, and movement.

Front 31

13. What happens in the Golgi apparatus?

Back 31

Enzymes in the Golgi appartus attach carbohydrates and lipids to proteins. From the Golgi appartus, proteins are then sent to their final destinations.

Front 32

14. The cytoskeleton is composed of what two structures?

Back 32

The cytoskeleton is made up of a number of important structures, including microtubules and micro filaments.

Front 33

15. What are the functions of the cytoskeleton?

Back 33

The cytoskeleton helps to support the cell. The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments that helps the cell to maintain its shape.

Front 34

16. Diagram and label the parts of the nucleus.

Back 34

4 parts

Front 35

17. What do plant cells have that animal cells do not?

Back 35

Plant cells-contain cell walls, large vacuoles, and chloroplasts. Animal cell-do not have cell walls or chloroplasts.

Front 36

18. What are the functions of the lysosome?

Back 36

Lysosomes break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, and organelles that have out lived their usefulness.

Front 37

19. What is chromatin? What does it become when the cell divides?

Back 37

Chromatin-granular material visible within the nucleus. When a cell divides, chromatin condenses to form chromosomes.

Front 38

20. What do ribosomes produce?

Back 38

Ribosomes produce proteins.

Front 39

21. What are the functions of the cell membrane?

Back 39

Cell membrane regulates what enters and leaves the cell and also provides protection and support.

Front 40

22. Describe what happens to the molecules when they have reached equilibrium.

Back 40

Once equilibrium is reached molecules continue to mvoe rapidly across the membrane in both directions.

Front 41

23. What does the lipid bilayer do for the cell membrane?

Back 41

The bilayer gives cell membranes a tough, flexible structure that forms a strong barrier btw the cell and its surroundings.