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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what is a cell
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a basic unit of life |
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what are the three statements that make up th cell theory |
2. cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things 3. new cells are produced from existing cells |
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how do microscope work |
they use lenses to magnify the image of an object by focusing light or electrons |
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what features do all cells have |
dna and a cell membrane |
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what is difference between prokaryotivc and eukaryoit cells |
pro do not seperate genetic material in nucleus and euk do |
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What are the two major parts of the cell |
nucleus and cytoplasm |
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what is the function of the mitochondria |
they convert chemical energy that is formed into compounds that cells can use |
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why do u think it is important that cells membranes are selectively permissible.
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it is important because it will only allow substances that are helpful and not harmful get in |
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cytoplasm
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portio of the cell outside the nucleus. |
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organelles |
the structures that are inside the cell |
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role of the nucleus |
control center o fthe cell contain most of the cells DNA has instructions for making proeins and other important molecules |
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nuclear envelope
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allows a steady stream of proteins RNA and other molecules to mov throught the Nuclear pores of the cell |
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chromosomes |
carry the cells genetic imformation |
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Nucleolus |
where the assembly of ribosomes begin |
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Vacuoles |
store materials like water salts proteins and carbohydrates |
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Vesicles |
store and move material between cell organelles and to and from the cell surface |
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Lysosomes |
break down lipids carbohydrates and proteins that are used by the rest of the cell they also break down organelles that outlive their usefulness |
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cytoskeleton |
helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in moving the entire cell |
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micro filaments |
thread likes structure of protein called actine support the cell help the cell move |
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centrioles |
located near the nucleus help organize cell division |
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microtubules |
made up of protein tubulin help maintain cell shape and important in cell division to separate chromosomes |
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what organelles help make and transfer proteins |
ribosomes |
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ribosomes |
small particles of RNA and protein in the cytoplasm they produce proteins by following instructions from DNA |
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endoplasmic reticulum
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lipids of the cell membrane are assembled and proteins ae exported from the cell |
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what is the difference of Rough ER and smooth ER |
rough contains ribosomes and smooth does not |
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Golgi apparatus |
modifies sorts and packages proteins of other materials from the ER for storage inside the cell or release outside the cell |
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The process of making proteins |
2. proteins bound to the rough ER 3. proteins carried from Rough ER to Golgi apparatus in vesicles 4. Golgi apparatus sorts and packages them into membrane bound vesicles 5. vesicles ship proteins in or out of the cell |
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chloroplast |
capture energy from sunlight convert into food in process called photosynthesis |
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cell wall
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supports shapes and protects the cell |
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do animal cells have cell walls |
no |
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lipid bilayer |
part of the cell membrane that gives its the flexible structure and strong barrier between a cell and its surroundings
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cell membrane |
regulates what enters and leaves the cell and protects and supports the cell. |
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store cleanup and support cell |
vacuoles lysosomes cytoskeleton centrioles |
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build proteins |
ribosomes endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus |
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capture and release energy |
chloroplast mitochondria |
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cell boundaries |
cell wall cell membrane |
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cell control center |
nucleus |
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diffusion |
When particles move from high concentration to an are of low concentration |
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passive transport |
the movement of materials across the cell membrane without using cell energy |
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facilitated diffusion |
the process in which molecules cannot directly diffuse across the membrane and have to pass through special protein channels |
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aquoporins |
water channel proteins that allow water to pass right through them |
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Osmosis |
diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
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difference between diffusion and osmosis |
osmosis is the diffusion of water not solutes |
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isotonic |
when water and sugar concentrations are the same on both sides of the membrane |
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hypertonic |
more concentrated sugar solution compared to the dilute sugar solution |
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hypotonic |
the dilute sugar solution ` |
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active transport |
movement of materials against a concentration difference that requires energy |