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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Eukaryotic Cell |
found in animals, most DNA in the nucleus |
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Prokaryotic Cell |
found in bacteria, most DNA in nucleoid |
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How are a eukaryotic cell and prokaryotic cell the same? How are they different? |
Different: Animals-Bacteria, location of DNA Same: bounded by the plasma membrane |
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Ribosomes |
complexes that make proteins, bound to rough ER or nuclear envelope |
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Rough ER |
Ribosome studded, makes secretory proteins |
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Smooth ER |
outer surface lack ribosomes, functions in synthesis of lipids, metabolism of carbohydrates, detoxification of drugs and poisons ,and storage of calcium ions |
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Golgi Apparatus |
synthesis, modification, sorting, and secretion of cell products |
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Endomembrane System |
includes: nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER and smooth ER), golgi apparatus, lysosomes, various vesicles and vacuoles, and plasma membrane |
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Mitochondria |
organelle where cellular respiration occurs and most ATP is generated |
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Chloroplasts |
Photosynthetic organelle, converts energy of sunlight to chemical energy stored in sugar molecules |
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How are mitochondria and chloroplasts the same? How are they different? |
same: change energy from one form to another, autonomous, different:chloroplast found only in animal cells, mitochondria found in plant and animal cells, |
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Endosymbiont Theory |
eukaryotic cell engulfed a prokaryotic cell-> formed a relationship-> cell living within another cell |
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Cytoskeleton |
reinforces cells shape, functions in cell movement |
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Cilia |
aids in movement of a cell |
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Microtubials |
found in cilia and flagella, hollow rods |
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Flagella |
mobility structure present in some animal cells, extension of the plasma membrane |
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Cell Wall |
outer layer that maintains a cells shape and protects the cell from damage, made of cellulose and protein, only found in plant cells |
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Plasmodesmata |
channels through cell walls that connect the cytoplasms of adjacent cells |
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Extracellular Matrix |
animal cells lack cell walls so this helps with the use of collagen for cells to keep its shape |
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Animal Cell Junctions |
3 main ones: Gap junctions, tight junctions, desmosomes |
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Tight Junction |
pasma membranes of neighboring cells are tightly pressed against each other, bound together by specific proteins, forming seals around the cells, prevents leakage of extracellular fluid |
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Desmosomes |
fastens cells together, attach muscle cells to each other
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Gap Junctions |
channels from one cell and its adjacent cell: ions, sugars, amino acids, and other small molecules may pass through these channels
helps cells communicate |
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Cytoplasm |
the interior of a cell between the nucleus and the plasma membrane |
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Plasma Membrane |
acts as a barrier that allows enough oxygen, nutrients and waste to service the entire cell, outermost living part in a plant cell |
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Nucleus |
contains most of the genes in a cell
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Central Vacuole |
storage and breakdown of waste products, hydrolysis of macromolecules, helps plant growth |
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Peroxisome |
organelle with various specialized metabolic functions. produced hydrogen peroxide then converts into water |
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Lysosome |
Digestive organelle |
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Centrosome |
region where the cells microtubules are started |