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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Passive Transport |
The movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell |
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Diffusion |
The movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density |
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Concentration Gradient |
A difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance |
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Equilibrium |
A state that exists when the concentration of a substance is the same throughout a space |
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Osmosis |
The diffusion of water or another solvent from a more dilute solution (of a solute) to a more concentrated solution (of the solute) through a membrane that is permeable to the solvent |
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Hypotonic |
Describes a solution whose solute concentration is lower than the solute concentration inside a cell |
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Hypertonic |
Describes a solution whose solute concentration is higher than the solute concentration inside a cell |
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Isotonic |
Describes a solution whose solute concentration is equal to the solute concentration inside a cell |
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Contractile vacoule |
In protists, an organelle that accumulates water and then releases it periodically to maintain osmotic pressure |
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Facilitated Diffusion |
The transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins |
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Carrier Protein |
A protein that transports substances across a cell membrane |
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Ion Channel |
A complex of protein molecules in a cell membrane that form a pore through which ions can pass |
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Active Transport |
The movement of chemical substances, usually across the cell membrane, against a concentration gradient; requires cells to use energy |
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Sodium-Potassium Pump |
A carrier protein that uses ATP to actively transport sodium ions out of a cell and potassium ions into the cell |
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Endocytosis |
The process by which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses the particle in a vesicle to bring the particle into the cell |
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Phagocytosis |
The process by which a cell engulfs large particles or whole cells, either as a defense mechanism or as a means to obtain food |
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Phagocyte |
A cell that ingests and destroys foreign matter or microorganisms |
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Exocytosis |
The process by which a substance is released from the cell through a vesicle that transports the substance to the cell surface and then fuses with the membrane to let the substance out |
