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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What English scientist first saw and named cells? When did he make the discovery and what was looked at?
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Robert Hooke, 1665. He looked at dead cork.
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What dutch lensmaker made the first microscope and saw first living cells and when?
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Anton von Leeuwenhoek, 1673.
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What German botanist proposed that all plants are made of cells and when?
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Matthias Schleiden, 1838.
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What German proposed that all animals are made of cells and when?
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Theodor Schwann, 1839.
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What Russian proposed that cells can only come from other cells and when?
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Rudolf Virchow, 1855.
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Name the three parts of the cell theory.
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1. The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in all living things.
2. All living cells are composed of one or more cell. 3. Cells only come from the reproduction of existing cells. |
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Name three things that make up cell diversity.
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Cell shape, cell size, and cell internal organization.
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Do all cells have the same shape?
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No.
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What type of cell has no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles?
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Prokaryote
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What type of cell has a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles?
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Eukaryote
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What is the cell membrane made of and what function does it perform?
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A phospholipid bilayer and protein globules; it allows certain things to pass in or out of the cell.
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What is the cytoplasm made of and what function does it perform?
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Cytosol, a jelly-like substance; it holds organelles in place.
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What function do mitochondrion perform and what is contained within one?
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Convert sugars into ATP for energy; folds called cristae.
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What are ribosomes made up of and what function do they perform?
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Two proteins; they synthesize, or make, proteins.
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What is the smallest organelle in a cell?
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Ribosome.
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What is the endoplasmic reticulum made up of and what function does it perform?
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Tubules running from cell membrane to nuclear membrane; they transport and help make proteins and steroids.
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Distinguish between the two types of endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
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Smooth ER- Endoplasmic reticulum that have no ribosomes attached.
Rough ER- Endoplasmic reticulum that have ribosomes attached. |
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What function does the Golgi apparatus perform?
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Processes and packages substances made in the cell.
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What are contained within lysosomes? What purpose do lysosomes serve?
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Digestive enzymes; they are used to recycle old cell parts ("suicide sacs")
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What are the two components of the cytoskeleton?
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Microtubules and microfilaments.
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Distinguish between cilia and flagella.
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Cilia are short and hair-like organelles, while flagella are long and whip-like.
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What is the purpose of flagellum?
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Locomotive.
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What organelles does a plant cell have that an animal cell does not?
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Cell wall, chloroplasts, vacuole.
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What type of plastids store chlorophyll?
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Chloroplasts.
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What pigment does chlorophyll give a plant?
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Green.
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What pigment does carotene give a plant?
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Orange.
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What pigment does xanthophyll give a plant?
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Yellow.
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What pigment does phycobilins give a plant?
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Blue.
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List the level of organization, starting with cells.
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1. Cells
2. Tissue 3. Organs 4. Organ system 5. Organism |
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List the evolution of multicellular organisms, beginning with prokaryotes.
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1. Prokaryote
2. Eukaryote 3. Colonial Organisms 4. Multicellular Organisms |
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What makes up a cell wall?
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Long chains of cellulose.
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When did prokaryotes form?
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3.5 billion years ago.
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When did eukaryotes form?
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1 billion years ago.
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What does the nucleus do? What does it contain?
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Controls all cell's functions; hereditary information (DNA, RNA)
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What does the nucleolus make? Where is it located?
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Ribosomes; inside nucleus.
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What characteristic limits cell size?
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The surface area to volume ratio.
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