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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Plasma Membrane |
Phospholipid bilayer that regulates the passage of molecules and ions into and out of the cell |
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Cell theory |
All life is made of cells |
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Prokaryotic Cells |
Lack a membrane-bounded nucleus, no organelles, one circular chromosome |
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Eukaryotic Cells |
Has a nucleus that houses its DNA, organelles, multiple linear chromosomes |
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Cell wall |
Structure that provides support and shapes the cell |
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Capsule |
Gel-like coating outside the cell wall |
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Nucleoid |
Location of the bacterial chromosome |
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Ribosome |
Site of protein synthesis |
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Flagella and Cilia |
Involved in moving the cell or moving materials along the surface of the cell |
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Organelles |
Carry out specialized functions that allow the cell to be more efficient and successful |
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Enzymes |
Molecules that speed up chemical reactions |
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Nucleus |
Houses the genetic material within eukaryotic chromosomes and contains hereditary information |
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Endomembrane System |
The endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus |
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Vesicles |
Membranous sacs that enclose the molecules and keep them separate from the cytoplasm |
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Cytoskeleton |
Internal framework of protein fibers; moves organelles and gives cell shape |
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Chromatin |
Network of DNA and protein |
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Nucleolus |
An area within the nucleus where ribosomal RNA is produced |
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Nuclear Envelope |
A double membrane of phospholipids that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm |
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Endoplasmic Reticulum |
Complicated system of membranous channels and saccules (flattened vesicles) |
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Rough ER |
Studded with ribosomes |
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Smooth ER |
Does not have attached ribosomes |
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Golgi Apparatus |
Modifies lipids and proteins; sorts and packages them in vesicles |
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Lysosomes |
Digest molecules or old cell parts |
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Vacuoles |
Large membranous sacs specialized for storage, contraction, digestion, and other functions |
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Chloroplasts |
Use solar energy to synthesize carbohydrates |
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Mitochondria |
The site of cellular respiration; breaks down carbohydrate-derived products to adenosine triphosphate |
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ATP |
Adenosine triphosphate; serves as a carrier of energy in cells |
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Cellular Respiration |
Oxygen is needed and carbon dioxide is given off |
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Microtubules |
Located throughout the cell and radiate outward from the centrosome; helps maintain the shape of the cell and act as tracks |
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Centrosome |
A microtubule organizing center, which lies near the nucleus |
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Actin Filament |
Supports the plasma membrane and projections of the cell |
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Centrioles |
Present in animal cells, but not plant cells. Involved in microtubule formation |
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Plasmodesmata |
Span the cell wall and allow materials to pass from one cell to another |
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Extracellular Matrix |
Contains proteins and polysaccharides produced by the cell that helps support cells and aids in communication between cells |
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Adhesion Junction |
Internal cytoplasmic plagues, firmly attached to the cytoskeleton within each cell, are joined by intercellular filaments |
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Tight Junction |
Plasma membrane proteins actually attach to each other, producing a zipperlike fastening |
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Gap Junction |
Formed when two identical plasma membrane channels join |