Biology Chapter 39: The Endocrine And Reproductive System

Front 1

What makes up the endocrine system?

Back 1

glands that release their products into the bloodstream

Front 2

What do the products of the endocrine system do?

Back 2

deliver messages throughout the body; specifically start, stop, slow down, and speed up processes

Front 3

Chemicals release in one part of the body that travel through the bloodstream and affect the activities of cells in other parts of the body are called _________________.

Back 3

hormones

Front 4

How do hormones affect the activities of other cells?

Back 4

by binding to specific chemical receptors on those cells

Front 5

Cells that have receptors for a particular hormone are referred to as __________.

Back 5

target cells

Front 6

Cells without receptors are not affected by _____________.

Back 6

hormones

Front 7

TRUE OR FALSE? Generally, the body's responses to hormones are quicker and shorter lasting than the responses to nerve impulses.

Back 7

false

Front 8

An organ that produces and releases a substance, or secretion, is called an __________.

Back 8

gland

Front 9

What is an exocrine gland?

Back 9

release their secretions through ducts directly to organs

Front 10

Glands that release sweat, tears, and digestive juices are considered _______ glands.

Back 10

exocrine

Front 11

What is the function of the parathryroid glands?

Back 11

releases parathyroid hormones, which regulates the level of calcium

Front 12

The pineal gland produces _________.

Back 12

melatonin

Front 13

The thyroid gland produces __________.

Back 13

throxine

Front 14

The pancreas produces _______________.

Back 14

glucagon

Front 15

The thymus produces ________.

Back 15

thymosin

Front 16

The adrenal gland produces ______________.

Back 16

epinephrine (adrenaline) and norapinephrine

Front 17

What is another name for epinephrine?

Back 17

adrenaline

Front 18

What do the ovaries produce?

Back 18

estrogen

Front 19

What do the testis produce?

Back 19

testosterone

Front 20

The hormone that regulates metabolism is ______________.

Back 20

thyroxine

Front 21

List the two general groups into which hormones may be classified.

Back 21

steroid
nonsteroid

Front 22

Steroid hormones are ______, they cannot _______________, they help _________________, and they can not _____________.

Back 22

lipids
cross cell membranes
regulate gene expression
enter the nucleus

Front 23

Steroid hormones are produced from ____________.

Back 23

chlosterol

Front 24

Nonsteroid hormones are _____________ (3), can __________, rely on ______________, and cannot ______________.

Back 24

proteins, small peptides, or modified amino acids
cross cell membranes
secondary messengers
enter the nucleus

Front 25

_________ messengers may include calcium, ions, cAMP, nucleotides, and fatty acids.

Back 25

secondary

Front 26

Hormonelike substances produced by other kinds of cells and tissues are called _______.

Back 26

prostaglandins

Front 27

Why are prostaglandins known as "local hormones"?

Back 27

because they only affect nearby cells and tissues

Front 28

TRUE OR FALSE? Some prostaglandins cause smooth muslces to contract.

Back 28

true

Front 29

When does feedback inhibition occur?

Back 29

when an increase in a substance "feeds back"

Front 30

The master regulatory gland is the ___________.

Back 30

pituitary

Front 31

When the hypothalamus releases _________, the anterior pituitary releases _______, which causes the thyroid to release __________.

Back 31

TRH
TSH
thyroxine

Front 32

When core body temp drops, the hypothalamus produces more _____, which makes more _______ be released, and increase ___________.

Back 32

TRH
TSH
metabolism

Front 33

As you lose water, the concentration of dissolved materials in the blood ________.

Back 33

rises

Front 34

What is complementary hormone action?

Back 34

when two opposing hormones regulate activities

Front 35

TRUE?FALSE? Calcitonin increases the concentration of calcium in the blood.

Back 35

false

Front 36

If calcium levels drop too low, the parathyroid glands release ____________

Back 36

PTH

Front 37

How does PTH increase calcium levels?

Back 37

stimulates intestine to absorb more calcium

Front 38

Why is the regulation of calcium levels so important?

Back 38

blood cannot clot; muscles cannot contract, and transport across cell membranes may fail.