Biology Chapter 3 Vocabulary

Front 1

An Atom

Back 1

the fundamental unit of the physical world

Front 2

Molecule

Back 2

any combination of two or more atoms

Front 3

Element

Back 3

any substance that cannot be further broken down; a molecule containing only one type of atom

Front 4

Compound

Back 4

a molecule containing two or more different types of atoms

Front 5

Organic

Back 5

a molecule or compound that contains carbon

Front 6

Inorganic

Back 6

a molecule or compound that does NOT contain carbon

Front 7

Biomolecules

Back 7

heavily carbon based molecules

Front 8

Polymer

Back 8

a string of repeated units

Front 9

Monomer

Back 9

the individual units of a polymer

Front 10

Dehydration synthesis (reaction)

Back 10

a chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule

Front 11

Hydrolysis

Back 11

a chemical process that splits molecules by the addition of water

Front 12

Polypeptide

Back 12

a polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds

Front 13

Saccharide

Back 13

the monomer for a carbohydrate

Front 14

Carbohydrate

Back 14

the polymer of saccarides; composted entirely of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Front 15

Monosaccharide

Back 15

composed of 1 saccharide

Front 16

Disaccharide

Back 16

composed of 2 saccharides

Front 17

Polysaccharide

Back 17

composed of many (more than 2) saccharides

Front 18

Lipid

Back 18

a fat (oils, butter, lard, etc.); the polymer of hydrocarbons

Front 19

Hydrocarbon

Back 19

the monomer of lipids; composed of a carbon atom with 2 hydrogen atoms bonded to it

Front 20

Hydrophobic

Back 20

not interacting well with water (nonpolar)

Front 21

Triglyceride

Back 21

a lipid consisting of three fatty acids bonded to a glycerol molecule; what the body stores fats as

Front 22

Fatty acid

Back 22

a long hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group at the end

Front 23

Glycerol

Back 23

a 3 carbon alcohol molecule

Front 24

Phospholipid

Back 24

a phosphate and two fatty acids bonded to a glycerol molecule

Front 25

Lipid bilayer

Back 25

a double layer of lipids (tails facing inward)

Front 26

Cholesterol

Back 26

a lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of 4 fused rings; derives all steroid hormones; hydrophobic

Front 27

HDL

Back 27

high density lipoprotein (good cholesterol)

Front 28

LDL

Back 28

low density lipoprotein (bad cholesterol)

Front 29

Hydrophilic

Back 29

interacting with water (polar)

Front 30

Nucleic acid

Back 30

a polymer of nucleotide monomers; serves as a blue print for protein synthesis; comes in the form of DNA and RNA

Front 31

DNA

Back 31

a double stranded nucleic acid

Front 32

RNA

Back 32

a single stranded nucleic acid

Front 33

Nucleotide

Back 33

the monomer of a nucleic acid; consists of a pentose sugar covalently bonded to a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base