[Biology] Chapter 3 - Key Terms

Front 1

adenosine phosphate

Back 1

blah

Hint 1

p. ?

Front 2

amino acid

Back 2

Organic compound with an amino group (NH2), a carboxylic acid group (COOH), and a side group bonded covalently to the same carbon atom. Subunit of proteins.

Hint 2

p. 42

Front 3

antioxidant

Back 3

Enzyme or cofactor that can help neutralize free radicals, which may otherwise damage DNA and other molecules of life.

Hint 3

p. ?

Front 4

archaea

Back 4

Evolutionarily distinct domain of prokaryotic organisms.

Hint 4

p. ?

Front 5

ATP

Back 5

(Adenosine triphosphate.) Nucleotide made of adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups; main energy carrier in cells.

Hint 5

p. 46

Front 6

carbohydrate

Back 6

blah

Hint 6

p. ?

Front 7

cleavage

Back 7

Early stage of animal development. Mitotic cell divisions divide a fertilized egg into many smaller, nucleated cells; original volume of egg cytoplasm does not increase.

Hint 7

p. ?

Front 8

coenzyme

Back 8

Small molecule that participates in an enzymatic reaction, that is reversibly modified during the reaction (e.g., a vitamin)

Hint 8

p. 46

Front 9

compound

Back 9

Molecule consisting of two or more elements in unvarying proportions.

Hint 9

p. ?

Front 10

condensation reaction

Back 10

Covalent bonding of two molecules into a larger molecule, often with the formation of water as a by-product.

Hint 10

p. 35

Front 11

connective tissue

Back 11

Most abundant, pervasive animal tissue. Specialized types are cartilage, bone tissue, adipose tissue, and blood.

Hint 11

p. ?

Front 12

cytoskeleton

Back 12

Interconnected system of protein filaments that structurally supports, organizes, and moves a eukaryotic cell and its internal structures.

Hint 12

p. ?

Front 13

denaturation

Back 13

The three-dimensional shape of a protein or some other complex molecule unravels as its hydrogen bonds are disrupted.

Hint 13

p. 44

Front 14

disaccharide

Back 14

A common oligosaccharide; two covalently bonded sugar monomers.

Hint 14

p. ?

Front 15

disease

Back 15

Illness caused by an infectious, dietary, or environmental factor.

Hint 15

p. ?

Front 16

DNA

Back 16

(Deoxyribonucleic acid.) Carries the primary hereditary information for all living organisms and many viruses.

Hint 16

p. 46

Front 17

electron transfer chain

Back 17

Array of membrane-bound enzymes and other molecules that accept and give up electrons in sequence; allows the release and capture of energy in small, useful increments.

Hint 17

p. ?

Front 18

energy

Back 18

Capacity to do work.

Hint 18

p. ?

Front 19

enzyme

Back 19

A type of protein (or, rarely, RNA) that accelerates a chemical reaction.

Hint 19

p. 35

Front 20

fat

Back 20

Type of lipid with a glycerol head attached to one, two, or three fatty acid tails.

Hint 20

p. 40