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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why the earth's oldest rocks lacked fossils |
Earth contained no fossils because there was no life after its formation |
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Where life came from |
Life can from nonliving matter |
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How the universe formed |
Big explosion caused the universe to form |
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How the earth grew |
Outer rocks compressed on top of one another |
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The gases the earth's atmosphere consisted of |
Carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and other gases |
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How the seas were formed |
When the earth cooled, water vapor formed the seas |
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Why free oxygen was absent |
Because oxygen reacted to water, iron, silicates, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide |
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How amnio acids, sugars, purines, and pyrimidines were formed in the lab |
By dissolving hydrogen, ammonia, and nitrogen |
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What amino acids, sugars, purines, and pyrimidines were known as |
The building blocks of life |
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Polymerization |
The generation of large molecules from small molecules |
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The polymer that is a reproductive polymer that can reproduce its self |
Purines, Pyridines, Sugars, and nucleic acids |
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How nucleic acids can replicate without protein enzymes to catalyze the reaction |
Ribozymes or ribosomal RNA catalyze chemical reactions |
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What is responsible for RNA processing in unicellular protists? |
Ribozymes |
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What was found in 1970? |
Ribozymes were able to replicate itself without the help of enzymes. Ribozymes also function better in water. |
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Why life required a barrier for better ribozyme function |
It controlled internal conditions |
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What are protobionts and coacervates? |
They are drops divided into two phases, an interior and an exterior. |
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What are protobionts and coacervates made of? |
Chlorophyll and dye |
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What are protobionts and coacervates precursors to? |
Cells |
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What were the first cells used as their hereditary molecule? |
RNA |
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The condition that allowed DNA to evolve |
Lower water concentrations in the cell |
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Why DNA could evolve in these conditions |
DNA became stable in water. |
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Evidence that prokaryotes were abundant 3.4 billion years ago |
Their fossils formed carbon deposits of coal |
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What this evidence suggests about Prokaryotes |
Prokaryotes used carbon dioxide |
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What a cell needs to use carbon dioxide in photosynthesis |
Hydrogen atoms |
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Where cells get hydrogen |
Hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen gas |
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The waste product of water when it is split to yield hydrogen |
Oxygen |
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What oxygen is responsible for |
Opened the way for the evolution of aerobic and eukaryotes |
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How early organisms reproduced |
By dividing |
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What happened to the chromosomes before early cells reproduced |
The duplication of their circular chromosomes |
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Why the amount of DNA increased over time |
To include more information to make more enzymes for chemical reactions |
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Why genes were separated into chromosomes |
Replicating DNA from one spot took a long time and chromosomes had multiple sites of replication |
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Two ways to get a diploid cell |
Occasionally and accidentally there is a duplication of DNA without cell division and from the fusion of two haploid cells that are unlikely to have the same damages to their chromosomes. |
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Two advantages of a diploid cell |
It can repair more kinds of chromosome damage because the undamaged copy can guide the repair or be a spare copy. Also mutations mostly alter only one copy. |
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Why offspring of sexual reproduction are more likely to find suitable living |
They are variable |
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Why laboratory experiments suggest evolution could have happened on Earth |
Chemical reactions were studied that were similar to happen early on Earth. |
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Why new life is not being assembled from nonliving matter on today's earth |
Because simple biological molecules released into today's environment are quickly consumed by existing life |
