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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Nutrients |
Raw material needed to make complex molecules |
1. These are the ______ needed for making complex molecules 2. They are necessary for all living things because they _____ |
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Heterotrophs |
They get their energy and nutrients by eating other living things (or stuff that used to be) |
1. Examples: Carnivores like cats and people |
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Autotrophs |
Producers; They get their energy and nutrients from nonliving things (ie sun, air) |
1. Examples would be plants |
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Photoautotrophs |
Make their own food and nutrients by using light as an energy |
1. Split into two words, autotrophs and photo 2. Plants absorbing sun ___________ |
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Photosynthesis
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A set of chemical reactions that uses light energy to make organic compounds from CO2 and H2O |
1. How Photoautotrophs get their food |
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Chemoautotrophs |
Make their own food and nutrients through chemical reactions. |
1. Get food through chemosynthesis 2. Example: Deep sea vent |
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Chemosythesis |
Set of chemical reactions that use chemical energy to make organic compounds. Uses oxidation of inorganic molecules or methane as a source of energy. |
1. Think of photosynthesis but with chemical reactions |
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Cell respiration |
Set of chemical reactions used by all organisms to release energy from organic compounds to perform necessary life functions |
1. The respiratory system is needed to live much like this is _______ |
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Producers |
Produce the food other organisms use |
1. It's in the name 2. Plants |
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Consumers |
Consume plants and other organisms for food |
1. People 2. It's in the name |
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Decomposers |
Ones that break down and use dead plants and animals as food (ie bacteria, fungi) |
1. Fungus and bacteria 2. It's in the name |
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Food web |
Shows the relationship between producers, consumers, and decomposers in an ecosystem to show transfer of energy |
1. A more complex and all over the place food chain |
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Biotic |
Living things |
1. Bio is the study of living things 2. I am a _____ |
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Abiotic |
Nonliving things |
1. A is opposite SOO 2. Bio is living |
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Ecosystem |
Includes all abiotic and biotic factors in a place (ie a coral reef) |
1. Middle in terms of size for habitats and biosphere |
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Habitats |
Part of an ecosystem where certain organisms live
|
1. More specific that ecosystem 2. Note: Only living things |
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Biosphere |
All ecosystems on earth |
1. Most broad scope (without other planets) 2. Think of what the earth has in it, it has all that |
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Energy |
The capacity to do work or to cause change |
1. Something must _____ in order for something to happen 2. It is the _____ to do _____ |
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Chemical energy |
Energy stored in molecules that's released during chemical reactions |
1. Energy stored in _______ 2. It is the immediate amount of energy you have |
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Free Energy |
The portion of chemical energy that is available to do work |
1. Not all energy is there, some is lost so you have this 2. There is ________ and then there is not-free energy. And this is the opposite of the later |
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Heat energy |
A form of energy that is lost in a system thus reducing the amount of free energy |
1. Your body gives this off due to all the reactions taking place |
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First Law of Thermodynamics |
(Conservation of Energy) - Energy can't be created or lost |
1. Conservation of Mass but energy 2. You can't just make stuff and get rid of stuff if you think about it dummy |
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Second Law of Thermodynamics |
Systems tend to change in a way that increases the entropy (disorder) of the system and its surroundings (free energy decreases and disorganization increases) (Energy moves in one direction through the food chain and much of it is lost as heat) |
1. With order comes _______ 2. As free energy decreases than the disorder must _____ (hint it's the opposite) |
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Entropy |
Disorder, disorganization |
1. It increases when free energy decreases |
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Enzymes |
Proteins that lower activation energy needed for a biochemical reaction. This allows them to happen at a faster rate |
1. Catalysts of proteins |
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Catalysts |
Helps speed up something. In this case it lowers activation energy. |
1. They help stuff do stuff better to be broad |
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Active site |
A small region on an enzymes tertiary structure that matches up with small region of reacting substance |
1. The important part on an enzyme like a key |
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Substrate |
The reactant |
1. The thing that the enzyme takes in to be basic |
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Metabolism |
All the chemical activities and changes that take place in a cell or an organism |
1. Think of how skinny someone with a high metabolism is compared to someone with a low one 2. More chemical changes means more reactions means faster digestion which means smaller people |
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Synthesis |
A "building up" reaction |
1. Remember balanced equations and how they joined up in synthesis reactions? It's that 2. Think of it as putting together lego pieces to build something |
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Decomposition |
A "breaking down" reaction |
1. Remember those chemical reactions with balancing and how one compound broke into two molecules? It's that 2. Picture breaking that lego crap |
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Biosynthesis |
These form larger, more complex biomolecules from small, less complex ones |
1. When simple stuff becomes more complex 2. Just like synthesis except a twist |
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Oxidation |
Removal of electrons from a molecule |
1. Learning this in chemistry, it's the electrons being taken away 2. Basically there is an electron thief on the loose so be wary |
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ATP ADP |
ATP is adenosine triphosphate. Free energy ends up in this molecule. ATP is chemical form of free energy that is released through oxidation. ADP is when ATP gives up one phosphate group. ADP stands for adenosine diphosphate. |
1. Where free energy ends up except in chemical form |