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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
DNA expression 4 nucleotides |
Adenine = Thymine Cytosine = Guanine |
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Allele
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Different form of a gene, represent a nucleotide may or may not produce difference in resulting pair. |
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Basic Model
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DNA -> RNA -> PROTIEN -> PHENOTYPE
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PHENOTYPE
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HOMOZYGOUS
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Individual with identical copies of an allele
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HETEROZYGOUS
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individuals with different alleles
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Dominant
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determines the phenotype of an organism regardless of the other allele.
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Recessive
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Allele whos effect is masked by the dominate allele.
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Gene
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46 chromosomes, 20,000-25,000 genes, in homologous pairs.
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DNA Structure
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blue prints for proteins, during interphase sister chromatids, a specific segment of DNA, Allele matches nucleotide.
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polymerase
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enzyme
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mRNA
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Messenger RNA used in transcription, carries DNA instructions for proteins out of the nucleus
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Exon
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coding segments that provide instructions
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introns
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non coding segments |
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tRNA
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transfer RNA used in Tarnslation |
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amino acid chain
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peptide bond- dehydration synthesis
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transcription
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RNA->PROTIEN = TRANSCRIPTION
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Somatic cells |
All cells in human body except for eggs or sperm |
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Chromosome |
Determine whether a person is male or female X and Y |
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Autosomes |
22 pairs of chromosomes |
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Cell cycle |
Sequence of events that a cell goes through from its origin in the division of its parent cell through its own division into two daughter cells |
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Interphase |
The period of the cell cycle between cell division the time at which the cell does everything needed for mitosis |
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Centromere |
Two copies each an exact replica of the original chromosomes stay attached to one another at the region |
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Chromatid |
The replica copies remain attached |
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Prophase |
A time when changes occur in the nucleus of all of the cytoplasm |
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Metaphase |
The chromosomes attach to the mitotic spindles forming a line |
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Anaphase |
Begins with sister chromatids of each chromosome begin to separate bleeding at the centromere |
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Telophase |
A nuclear envelope forms around each group of chromosomes at each Pole |
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Cytokinesis |
Division of the cytoplasm |
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Haploid |
The gametes eggs or sperm cells |
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Phenotype |
Observable physical trait |
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Genotype |
The precise set of alleles a person possesses |
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Gene |
Directs the synthesis of a specific protein |
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Alleles |
Different forms of genes |
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Codominance |
When two alleles result in the production of two different polysaccharides |
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Incomplete dominance |
The expression of a trait in a heterozygous individual |