Biology Chapter 11 Vocabulary

Front 1

Genetics is the scientific study of ________?

Back 1

heredity

Front 2

The term used to describe organisms that produce offspring identical to themselves if allowed to self-pollinate

Back 2

true- breeding

Front 3

Specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another

Back 3

trait

Front 4

Offspring of crosses between parents with different traits

Back 4

hybrid

Front 5

Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait

Back 5

gene

Front 6

One of a number of different traits

Back 6

allele

Front 7

Separation of alleles during gamete formation

Back 7

segregation

Front 8

Specialized cell involved in sexual reproduction

Back 8

gamete

Front 9

The likelihood that a particular event will occur

Back 9

probabliity

Front 10

diagram showing the gene combinations that might result form a genetic cross

Back 10

Punnet square

Front 11

Term used to refer to an organism that has two identical alleles for a certain trait

Back 11

homozygous

Front 12

Term used to refer to an organism that has different alleles for the same trait

Back 12

heterozygous

Front 13

The genetic makeup of an organism

Back 13

genotype

Front 14

Physical characteristics of an organism

Back 14

phenotype

Front 15

independent segregation of genes during the formation of gametes

Back 15

independent assortment

Front 16

situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another

Back 16

incomplete dominance

Front 17

situation in which both alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype of the organism

Back 17

codominance

Front 18

threee or more alleles of the same gene

Back 18

multiple alleles

Front 19

trait controlled by two or more genes

Back 19

polygenic traits

Front 20

term used to refer to the chromosomes that each have a corresponding chromosome from the opposite-sex parent

Back 20

homologous

Front 21

term used to refer to a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes

Back 21

diploid

Front 22

term used to refer to a cell that contains only a single set of chromosomes and therefore only contains a single set of genes

Back 22

haploid

Front 23

process by which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell

Back 23

meiosis

Front 24

structure containing 4 chromatids that forms during meiosis

Back 24

tetrad

Front 25

process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis

Back 25

crossing-over

Front 26

diagram showing the relative locations of each known gene on a particular chromosome

Back 26

gene map

Front 27

fruit fly

Back 27

Drosophila melanogaster

Front 28

garden pea

Back 28

Pisum sativum

Front 29

Why are the fruit fly and garden pea good to study?

Back 29

- produce many offspring in a short time
- many characteristics

Front 30

Chromosomes sort independelty of one another, not _____

Back 30

genes

Front 31

if they are not sex chromosomes then they are _________

Back 31

autosomes

Front 32

chromosomes 1 - 22 are

Back 32

autosomes

Front 33

chromosome 23 is

Back 33

sex chromosome ( xx, xy)

Front 34

***** a tetrad is formed during _________________

Back 34

meiosis 1, prophase 1

Front 35

crossing over gives you ____

Back 35

variation

Front 36

_____ keeps you alive

Back 36

variation

Front 37

ploid means______

Back 37

# of chromosomes

Front 38

Where does meiosis take place?

Back 38

meiosis occurs during the formation of gametes

Front 39

What is the chromosome count after meiosis?`

Back 39

male = 4 sperm
female = 1 egg, 3 polar bodies

Front 40

What is the chromosome count before meiosis?

Back 40

23 pairs of chromsomes

Front 41

Where does variation occur in meiosis?

Back 41

the crossing over to meiosis 1

Front 42

phenotypic dihybrid cross ratio

Back 42

9:3:3:1

Front 43

2N

Back 43

diploid

Front 44

2N also means

Back 44

23 pairs of chromosomes

Front 45

mitosis occurs in ____ cells

Back 45

body

Front 46

an example of a polygenic trait

Back 46

human height

Front 47

dihybrid cross

Back 47

two hybrid / heterozygous cross

Front 48

Mendel's work was so good because he included

Back 48

number ( quantitative results)

Front 49

Thomas Morgan worked with Drosophila melanongaster because.....

Back 49

- reproduce quickly
- easy to work with
- have lots of characteristics
- exhibit dominance and recessiveness

Front 50

Male parts of a flower

Back 50

filament , anther, stamen

Front 51

Female parts of a flower

Back 51

ovule, carpel, ovary, stigma

Front 52

heredity is .....

Back 52

traits passed from one generation to the next